238 IOWA ACADEMY OF SC1EN(^ES. 



CNICUS LANCEOLATUS, Willd. 



Cnicus koiceo/atus, Willd. Prodr. Fl. Berol. 259. 1787. 



. A. Gray. Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1 : 39S. 1SS4. 



. Watson & Coulter. Gray's Man. 295. 6 Ed. 



1890. 

 Cirsium lanceolafiuH, Scop. Fl. Car. 2. 130. 1770. 2 Ed. 



. DeCandolle. Prodr. 6: 636. 1837. 



. Torrey & Gray. Fl. N. Am. 2: 456. 1848. 



. Gray. Man. 1868. 5 Ed. 



Carduus lanceolatus. Linn. Sp. PI. 821. 1753. 

 . Britton and Brown. Illustr. Fl. N. S. H: 485. 



./: 4058. 1898. 



Branching biennial, three to four feet high, tomentose whea 

 young, becoming dark green and villous or hirsute with age, 

 branchlets bearing large heads; leaves lanceolate, decurrent on 

 the stem with prickly wings deeply pinnatifid, the lobes with rigid 

 prickly points, upper face roughened with short hairs, lower face 

 with a cottony toraentum; heads one and three-quartei-s to two 

 inches high, bracts of the involucre lanceolate, rigid when young, 

 more flexible with age. long attenuated prickly pointed spreading 

 tips, arachnoid woolly; flowers huroiaphrodite, tube of the corolla 

 ten lines long, anther tips acute, filaments pubescent, achenes 

 smooth one and a half lines long, pappus of numerous plumose 

 bristles. 



Distribution, loira. — Troublesome weed in pastures and 

 along roadsides in all parts of the state, most abundant in 

 clearings. Ames, Emma Sirrine, No. 232; Fred Rolfs. 

 Glendon, 0. P. Miller. Keokuk, P. H. Rolfs. Des Moines, 

 L. H. Pammel. Johnson County, Van Buren County, 

 Decatur County, Appanoose County, T. J. & M. F. L. Fitzpat- 

 rick. Muscatine Iowa, Ferd. Reppert. Skunk River Valley, 

 Lee County, Bartsch. Johnson County, B. Shimek. Ames, 

 P. H. Rolfs. Grand Junction, H. Johnson, Guthrie County, 

 H. Johnson. 



REFERENCES TO OCCURRENCE IN IOWA. 



Arthur, Contr. Fl. la. 3; 259; Bessey, Contr. Fl. la. 109r 

 Hitchcock, Cat. Anth. Pterid. Ames, 504; Barnes, Reppert, 

 and Miller, Fl. Scott and Muscatine Cos. 234; Fink, Sperm, 

 of Fayette, la. 94; Nagel & Haupt, Phaen. of Davenport, 



