58 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE TIIIED EXTOIIOLOGICAL MEETIXti. 



as before was again worked up into a tube. In some cases when the 

 nymphs were removed from their tubal habitations some were observed 

 to re- tenant them whilst others failed to do so and died. In one case 

 a nymph taken out of its tube on 30 th May 1912 was able to make 

 another tube 4-5 mm. long by 1015 a.m. on the 2nd June 1912. The 

 body of the nymph has a shiny coating round it and if exposed for a long 

 time it hardens and the nymph is unable to move about. When the 

 tube is finished, the njrmph moves up, fixes itself on the stem within the 

 tube and begins exuding a thm clear liquid which after accumulating 

 at the mouth of the tubes falls on the leaves below in droplets. On 

 hatching, the nymph is 2-5 mm. long with head and legs dark fuscous, 

 abdomen pale yellow to brown, the abdominal segments freely teles- 

 copic into each other. As the nymph remains ensconced within the 

 calcareous tube its further developments as well as moults cannot be 

 observed. Nineteen days after hatching, if a nymph be taken out of 

 the tube, its head will be somewhat anteriorly pointed, posteriorly broad, 

 dark fuscous ; eyes prominent deep ferruginous ; rostrum thick 

 and stout, reaching the anterior legs, dark piceous ; the thorax is con- 

 tracted, with a shiny, black cap over it ; the abdomen is pale-brown 

 with the segments telescoping into each other easily ; the penultimate 

 as well as the anal segments constructed- together forming a tube through 

 which the viscid liquid is exiided. The njinph when about to moult 

 for the last time comes out of the tube and walks up the mouth of the 

 tube for a millimetre or two. It then exudes a clear liquid which settles 

 round the intermediate and the posterior legs. On exposure to the 

 air the liquid thickens and thus holds the legs in position. A longi- 

 tudinal slit opens dorsally from the vertex of the head to the base of 

 the metathorax and the head comes out. A little jerking sideways 

 brings out the anterior legs and with some further jerking from side to 

 side, the imago comes out clear of the exuvium. It is then grey with 

 Ught piceous eyes. Fifteen minutes after, the colour changes rapidly 

 and the imago moves about. The exiivium remains attached to the 

 mouth of the tube as seen in figure 6, plate LXXIX, Indian Insect 

 Life, fa.ing page 732. The female is more robust than the male and 

 has a strong ovipositor. In the majority of cases the adults were seen 

 to emerge in larger numbers in the mornings than at any other part of the 

 day. 



Here I would not go into the morphology of the pronotal spine, as 

 well as the presence of the accessory tube to the main nymphal calcare- 

 ous tube. These I reserve to speak on some future occasion. 



Up to this time I have found neither any parasite on the eggs. 

 nymphs or adults nor any predator which can be said to check the pest 



