PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ENTOMOLOGICAL MEETING 631 



central nest, are accessory ones. There are many accessory nests 

 belonging to each central one, and these are only houses of workers or 

 a few soldiers. The position of the central nest varies in depth from 

 about half a foot deep in the soil to about ten feet or more. Apparently 

 this varies with the nature of the soil, this species building its nest at 

 different depths in different localities. The colony is exceedingly large ; 

 the soldiers are almost always found in the royal cell and about the 

 termination of the outside galleries which are formed on the trunks of 

 trees ; the queen and king are in the royal cell and never come out from 

 .there ; the workers Hve everywhere in the nest and main galleries ; 

 ■while the nymphs are only found in particular parts of all the nests. 



The damage to tea-plants done by this termite is sometimes fairly 

 extensive, and when the attacks are severe the plant is almost entirely 

 plastered over with soil and it is quite withered when the earthing- 

 over is done in the summer season, but not wholly in a plantation. 



This termite also attacks stumps, logs, timbers, several living trees 

 (peach-tree, orange-tree, camphor-tree. Acacia sp., Cryptomeria japo- 

 nica, mango-tree, Eugenia malaccensis L., Nephelimn longan Camb., 

 pine-tree, etc.), and sugar-cane. 



No. 2. — Leucotermes speratus, Kolbe {Yamatoshiroari.) 

 This insect is commonly found in North Formosa, while it is recorded 

 from Botel-tobago, Ishigakijima, Loo-Choo, Amami-Oshima, Kiushiu, 

 Shikoku, Honshiu, Hokkaido, and Korea. 



This widely-distributed termite forms irregular cavities under or 

 in rotten boards, timbers, decayed logs, stumps, fallen trees, etc., and 

 constructs outside them narrow fragile galleries. The colony is rather 

 large, generally consisting of numerous workers, fewer nymphs, soldiers 

 and larvse. The winged insects swarm on a warm day in April or May. 

 There are sometimes neoteinic queens, although the usual mode of re- 

 production is performed by a king and a queen. We often suffer from 

 the damage done by this termite to wooden buildings, furniture, bridges, 

 telegraph posts, sleepers, etc., and very rarely to the tea-bush and cam- 

 phor tree. The injuries to the tea-plant are almost always very slight, 

 but, if the attack of this insect occurs at the time that the plant has been 

 •cut off near the soil surface for pruning, it often causes the plant to 

 ■wither.. 



Remedial measures for these two termites are two up to the present 

 time, one being the crushing of the outside-galleries plastered over 

 the tea-bush, and the other being the destruction of the central nest. 



