944 



EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE TITANOTHERES OP MONGOLIA 



Embolotherium granger! Osborn, 1929 



Type: Am. Mus. 26002, Figure 797, B. Maxillo- 

 premaxillary rostrum elongate, nasal bony horn ex- 

 tending upward and forward, slightly recurved on 

 lower surface, ^\^th convex superior border, arising 



Figure 797. — Crania of three species of Emholotherium 



A, Bmbolotherium loucksii, type cranium (Am. Mus. 21610), with straight, 

 obliquely vertical, and narrow horn; B, Embolotherium grangtri, type cranium 

 (Am. Mus. 26002), with elongate rostrum and central nasal horns; C, Embolothe- 

 rium andrewsi, genotypic species, type cranium (Am. Mus. 26001). All one- 

 tenth natural size. 



from mid-cranium somewhat posterior to orbit. 

 Zygomatic arches very broad; summit of nasal pro- 

 tuberance moderately broad. Known from the type 

 and other individuals found in the upper levels of the 

 Ulan Gochu formation. 



Embolotherium andrewsi Osborn, 1929 



Type: Am. Mus. 26001, Figure 797, C. Premaxillo- 

 maxniary rostrum reduced, abbreviate, bony horns 

 rising above and anterior to the orbit, extremely 

 broadened at the summits, infolding nasal chamber 

 inferiorly. Known from three complete crania and 

 other specimens found in the upper levels of the 

 Ulan Gochu formation. 



EPILOGUE OF THE TITANOTHERE MONOGRAPH 



The discovery of these great surviving titanotheres 

 of lower to middle OUgocene age finally confirms the 

 author's theory set forth in 1900 that central Asia 

 was the home land of the odd-toed ungulates or Peris- 

 sodactyla. Here the family Brontotheriidae was 

 nourished on the fertile uplands of the Gobi. This 

 grandeur heralded the oncoming period of extinction 

 in lower to middle Oligocene time, followed by the rise 

 of the baluchitheres as the monarchs of central Asia. 



Sic transit gloria TitanotJierioideorum 



Henry Fairfield Osborn. 

 March 16, 1929. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The works cited contain preliminary descriptions of Mongolian Tertiary lormations 

 and their faunas. For the previous literature relating to the geologic and 

 paleontologic discoveries in Mongolia the reader is referred to the publications 

 of the Asiatic expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History. 



1922 



Granger, Walter, and Berket, C. P., Discovery of Cretaceous 

 and older Tertiary strata in Mongolia: Am. Mus. Novitates 

 No. 42, 7 pp., 1 fig., Aug. 7, 1922. 



1923 



Berkby, C. P., and Granger, Walter, Later sediments of the 



desert basins of central Mongolia: Am. Mus. Novitates 



No. 77, 16 pp., 1 fig., May 25, 1923. 

 Matthew, W. D., and Granger, Walter, The fauna of the 



Houldjin gravels: Am. Mus. Novitates No. 97, 6 pp., figs. 



1-6, Dec. 18, 1923. 

 The fauna of the Ardyn Obo formation: Am. Mus. 



Novitates No. 98, 5 pp., figs. 1, 2, Dec. 18, 1923. 

 Osborn, H. F., Baluchiiherium grangeri, a giant hornless rhinoc- 

 eros from Mongolia: Am. Mus. Novitates No. 78, 15 pp., 



figs. 1-9, May 25, 1923. 

 Titanotheres and lophiodonts in Mongolia: Am. Mus. 



Novitates No. 91, 5 pp., figs. 1, 2, Oct. 17, 1923. 

 Cadurcotherium from Mongolia: Am. Mus. Novitates 



No. 92, 2 pp., Oct. 19, 1923. 

 The explorations of the American Museum of Natural 



History in China and MongoUa: Am. Philos. Soc. Proc, 



vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 90-94, 1923. 



1924 



Berket, C. P., and Morris, F. K., Basin structures in 

 MongoUa: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull., vol. 51, pp. 103- 

 127, figs. 1-17, 1924. 



