CONTENTS 



SECTION III 



THE ARTICULATIONS 



By F. W. Jones, D. Sc, M. B., M. R. C. S., L. R. C. P. 



PAGE 



Constituents of an Articulation 211 



Classification of Articulations 212 



Development and Morphology 213 



Movements of Joints 214 



Articulations of the Skull 215 



Mandibular Articulation 215 



Ligaments and Joints between the 



Skull and Vertebral Column 218 



Articulations of Atlas with Occiput. . 218 

 Articulations between Atlas and Epis- 

 tropheus 220 



Ligaments uniting the Occiput and 



Epistropheus 223 



Articulations of the Trunk 224 



1. The Articulations of the Verte- 



bral Column 225 



a. The Bodies of the Verte- 

 bra; 225 



h. The Articular Processes . . 228 



c. The Lamina; 229 



d. The Spinous Processes . . . 229 



e. The Transverse Processes 231 



2. Sacro-vertebral Articulations. 232 



3. Articulations of the Pelvis. . . . 234 



4. Articulations of the Ribs with 



the Vertebra; 241 



5. Articulations at the Front of 



the Thorax 244 



Movements of the Thorax 247 



The Articulations of the Upper Ex- 

 tremity 248 



PAGE 



1. Sterno-costo-clavicular Articu- 



lation 248 



2. Scapulo-clavicular Union .... 250 



3. Shoulder-joint 253 



4. Elbow-joint 258 



5. Union of Radius with Ulna. . 261 



6. Radio-carpal Articulation. . . . 265 



7. Carpal Joints 268 



8. Carpo-metacarpal Joints 272 



9. Intermetacarpal Articulations. 273 



10. Metacarpo-phalangeal Joints. 274 



11. Interphalangeal Articulations. 276 

 The Articulations of the Lower Limb . . . 276 



1. Hip-joint 276 



2. Knee-joint 284 



3. Tibio-fibular Union 295 



4. Ankle-joint 297 



5. Tarsal Joints 301 



a. The Talo-calcaneal Union.. 301 



b. Articulations of Anterior 



Part of Tarsus 303 



c. Medio-tarsal or Trans- 



verse Tarsal Joints 305 



6. Tarso-metatarsal Articulations 307 



7. Intermetatarsal Articulations. 309 



8. Metatarso-phalangeal Articu- 



lations 310 



9. Interphalangeal Joints 310 



References 311 



SECTION IV 



THE MUSCULATURE 

 By C. R. Bardeen, A.B., M.D. 



General Remarks on Muscles 313 



Muscle Fasciae 313 



Gross Structure 314 



Finer Structure of Muscles 315 



Tendons 317 



Synovial Bursa; 318 



Synovial Sheaths 318 



Nerves and Vessels 318 



Nomenclature 319 



Variation 320 



Phy.siology 320 



I. Musculature of the Head and Neck 



and Shoulder Girdle 323 



Physiological and Morphological. . 323 



1. Facialis Musculature 329 



2. Cranio-mandibular Muscula- 



ture 338 



3. Supra-hyoid Musculature... 343 



4. Muscles of the Tongue 345 



5. Superficial Shoulder Girrlle 



Musculature 347 



6. Infrahyoid Muscles 350 



7. Scalene Musculature 353 



8. Prevertebral Mu.sculature. . . . 355 



9. Anterior and Lateral Inter- 



transverse Muscles 356 



10. Deep Musculature of the 



Shoulder Girdle 356 



II. Musculature of the Upper Limb. . 360 



A. Musculature of the Shoulder. . 363 



B. Pectoral Muscles and Axillary 



Fascia 370 



C. Musculature of the Arm 374 



1. Dorsal or Extensor Group. . 377 



2. Ventral or Flexor Group .... 379 



D. Musculature of the Forearm 



and Hand 383 



1. Dorsal-Radial Division 387 



a. Superficial Layer 387 



h. Deep Layer 392 



2. Ulno-Volar Division 395 



a. First Layer 395 



h. Second Layer 399 



c. Third Layer 401 



d. Fourth Layer 402 



3. Musculature of the Hand... 403 

 III. Spinal Musculature 410 



A. Superficial Lateral Dorsal Sys- 



tem 414 



B. Deep Lateral Dorsal Muscles. 417 



C. Superficial Medial Dorsal Sys- 



tem 417 



I 



