THE CERVICAL VERTEBRM 



35 



whence the name vertebra prominens has been applied to this bone. The trans- 

 verse process is massive; the costal element of the process is very small, but, on 

 the other hand, the posterior or vertebral part of the process is large and becom- 

 ing more like the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. 



The costo-transverse foramen is the smallest of the series and may be absent. It does not, 

 as a rule, transmit the vertebral artery, but frequently gives passage to a vein. Occasionally 

 the costal process is segmented off and constitutes a cervical rib. The body sometimes bears 

 on each side near the lower border a costal pit for the head of the first rib. When this is present, 

 there is usually a well-developed cervical rib. 



Fig. 39. — The Cervical Vektebr.e. (Posterior view.) 



Rectus capitis posterior minor 

 Rectus capitis 

 lateralis 



Superior oblique —S^'^^ ^C" 

 Inferior oblique 



Rectus capitis posterior majo- 

 (the pointer crosses the or- 

 igin of the inferior oblique) 

 Semispinalis cervicis- 



Longissimus cervicis 



Semispinalis cerviciS' 



Longissimus cervicis. 

 Iliocostalis cervicis 



Semispinalis cervicis. 



Longissimus cervicis 

 Iliocostalis cervicis 



Longissimus cervicis 



Iliocostalis cervicis 



Semispinalis cervicis 



Levator costse (origin) 



IliocostaUs dorsi (insertion) 



Interspinales 



Interspinales 

 Trapezius 



Rhomboideus minor 

 Serratus posterior superior 

 Splenius 

 SemispinaUs capitis 



Transverse process 



of atlas 

 Levator scapulae 



(origin) 

 Splenius cervicis 



(insertion) 



Levator scapulae 



Splenius cervicis 



Scalenus medius 



(insertion) 



Levator scapulae 

 Splenius cervicis 

 Scalenus medius 

 Semispinalis capitis 



Levator scapulas 

 Splenius cervicis 



(sometimes) 

 Scalenus medius 



Semispinalis capitis and 

 multifidus spins 



Scalenus medius 

 Scalenus posterior 



Semispinalis and lon- 

 gissimus capitis 

 Multifidus 



Scalenus medius 

 Scalenus posterior 

 Semispinalis and lon- 

 gissimus capitis 

 Multifidus 

 Scalenus medius 

 Scalenus posterior 



SemispinaUs and lon- 

 gissimus capitis 



Multifidus spinae 

 The large surface is for 

 the multifidus) 



Multifidus (and to each 

 spinous process as 

 high as the second) 



The seventh cervical vertebra gives attachment to the following muscles: — 



Body Longus colh. 



Spinous process Trapezius, rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior supe- 

 rior, splenius capitis, multifidus, interspinales, semi- 

 spinalis dorsi. 



Transverse process Intertransversarii, levator costse, scalenus posterior, 



ihocostaUs dorsi (musculus accessorius), scalenus me- 

 dius, semispinalis capitis (oomplexus). 



Articular process Multifidus, longissimus capitis (trachelomastoid). 



The cervical vertebrae exhibit great variation in regard to the extremities of their spinous 

 processes. As a rule among Europeans, the second, third, fourth, and fifth vertebrte possess 

 bifid spines. The sixth and seventh exhibit a tendency to bifurcate, their tips presenting two 

 small lateral tubercles; sometimes the sixth has a bifid spine, and more rarely the seventh pre- 



