THE EYELIDS 



1077 



The skin here is thin, bearing fine hairs, and having small sebaceous and nu- 

 merous small sweat-glands. Immediately beneath it is a loose subcutaneous 

 tissue, destitute of fat, separating the skin from the palpebral part of the orbicu- 

 laris muscle. The lid-fibres of this muscle arise from the medial palpebral liga- 

 ment, and course over the whole upper and lower eyelids in a succession of arches, 

 so as to meet again beyond the lateral angle; there they in part join one another, 

 in part are inserted into the lateral palpebral raphe. The muscular fibres are 

 arranged in loose bundles, with spaces between them occupied by connective 

 tissue; in the upper lid these connective-tissue fibres may be traced upward and 

 backward into the fibrous expansion of the tendon of the levator palpebrse supe- 



FiG. 821. — Sagittal Section op the Upper Eyelid. (After Waldeyer and Fuchs.) 



;3^ Anterior insertion of leva 



Orbicularis oculi — 

 Sweat gland — 



Sebaceous gland 



Cross section of 

 orbicularis oculi 



tor palpebrae superioris 

 Superior tarsal muscle 



of Miiller 

 Fibres from levator to skin 



Section of superior 

 vascular arch 



,_— Mucous glands (Krause) 



Conjunctival papillae over 

 attached border of tarsus 



~^ Mucous glands (of Krause) 



Ciliary gland (of Moll) 

 Cilia 





...Tarsal (Meibomian) glands 

 --M. ciliaris (Riolani) 



-Posterior edge of lid-margin 



Opening of duct of tarsal gland 



rioris. One strong bundle of orbicularis fibres, called the musculus ciliaris Riolani, 

 is found near the edge of the lid, in front of and behind the efferent ducts of the 

 tarsal glands (fig. 821). 



A central connective tissue separates the orbicularis muscle from the tarsus in the tarsal 

 division of the lids. In the upper hd this is to be regarded as mainly the anterior or fibrous 

 expansion of the tendon of the levator palpebrse, which sends connective-tissue septa between the 

 bundles of the overlying orbicularis (as just mentioned) going to the skin. In the orbital part 

 of this lid the central connective tissue includes also the palpebral fascia, lying here immediately 

 beneath the orbicularis muscle; but this soon thins off and fades into the more deeply placed 

 levator expansion. This latter is strengthened by an extension of the sheath of the superior 

 rectus, by which this muscle is enabled to influence the elevation of the Ud indirectly. In the 

 lower hd the central connective tissue similarly consists of palpebral fascia, blended with a thin 

 fibrous extension of the sheath of the inferior rectus. Immediately in front of each tarsus is 

 a little loose connective tissue, which contains the large blood-vessels and nerves of the hds. 



The tarsus of each lid is a stiff plate of close connective tissue, with its sur- 

 faces directed anteriorly and posteriorly; in its substance the tarsal glands are 



