THE PAROTID GLAND 



1113 



The plica fimbriata in man is homologous with the 'sublingua' of lower mammals. Ac- 

 cording to Gegenbaur, the 'sublingua' represents the entire primitive vertebrate tongue, 

 but this view is opposed by Oppel. Among various mammals, the number of vallate papillae 

 varies from one to thirty, but the V- or Y-arrangement is typical. The region of the foliate 

 papilla? ('marginal organ') is typical for mammals, and is much better developed in some 

 (e. g., rabbit) than in man. The mucosa of the root of the tongue is always different from that 

 of the body. The lingual papillae are especially developed in the tongue of carnivora. 



THE SALIVARY GLANDS 



Numerous glands — labial, buccal, palatine and lingual — have already been 

 mentioned, which pour their secretions into the mouth cavity. In addition to 

 these, there are three larger pairs, the salivary glands proper. They include the 

 parotid, the submaxillar}^, and the sublingual (the latter really a group of glands). 



THE PAROTID GLAND 



The parotid gland [gl. parotis] is the largest of the salivary glands, varying 

 from 15 to 30 gm. in weight. It is located below and in front of the ear in the 



Fig. 864. — Horizontal Section through Head at Level of Rima Oris. 



modified.) 



V. jugularis int. 



Digastric w jj^ hypoglossus 



Sternomastoid ^ I 'A. carotis int. 



1 ' i ' I ^- ■^agus 



(After Henle, 



Stylo-hyoid V,^ 

 V. jugularis ext. ». 



Parotid gland *- 



External car-'- 

 otid art. 

 V. facialis post,-~ 



Stylo-glossus — 



Ramus of ^ 



mandible'" 



Asc. palatine art.— 



Int. pterygoid 



Masseter "') 



Epiglottis ■ 



Median glosso- 

 epiglottic fold ' 



Lingual tonsil 

 Sulcus terminalis-- — 



Foliate papillae — 



Fungiform papilla— ~~~~ \'\. 

 External maxillary art. — 

 Vestibule of mouth 



Buccinator ~ 



Fungiform papillae """ ~~ 



Angle of mouth --" 



Lower lip 



I N. sympath. 

 /A. pharyng. 

 I / asc. 



Dens. 



Atlas 



,' Longus colli 

 . / / Longus capitis 



MP I «■ ^..:r-^ir Retropharyngeal 



' _^ lymph node 



- — Superior constr. 



Pharyngo- 

 palatine arch 



Palatine tonsil 



Pharyngo- 

 epiglottic fold 



■ Glosso-palatine 

 arch 



t -— Vallate papillae 



Median lingual 

 groove 



.. Dorsum of tongue 



_. First molar tooth 



-. — — Pre-molar teeth 



- Canine tooth 



Incisor teeth 



retromandibular fossa (fig. 863), extending from the zygomatic arch above to the 

 angle of the mandible below. 



Form and relations. — The parotid is somewhat prismatic or wedge-shaped 

 (figs. 863, 864), with three surfaces and three borders or angles. The lateral sur- 

 face is covered by skin and superficial fascia, and in its lower part by the platysma. 

 The anterior surface overlaps the masseter and extends medialward in contact 



