SECTION XI 



UEOGENITAL SYSTEM 



Revised for the Fifth Edition 

 By J. PLAYFAIR McMURRICH, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D. 



PROFESSOR or ANATOMY IN THE UNrV'ERSITY OP TORONTO 



The urogenital system [apparatus urogenitalis] includes (A) the urinary- 

 organs and (B) the reproductive organs. 



A. THE URINARY ORGANS 



THE organs forming the urinary apparatus [organa uropoetica] are the 

 kidneys, by which the secretion is produced; a duct, the ureter, proceeding 

 from each kidney and conveying the secretion to the bladder, which 

 serves as a reservoir for the urine and from which, by a single duct, the urethra, 

 the secretion is carried to the exterior. 



Fig. 1004. — Postero-medial Aspect of the Right Kidney. 



Renal vein 



THE KIDNEYS 



The kidneys [renes] are paired organs situated in the abdominal region and 

 each is composed of a very great number of minute tubules, the renal tubules, 

 enclosed within a definite and firm fibrous capsule. Each kidney is somewhat 

 bean-shaped (fig. 1004) and is situated on the dorsal wall of the body, behind the 

 parietal peritoneum, in such a way that the ventral or visceral surface [facies ante- 

 rior] which is convex, looks obliquel}^ ventrally and laterally, while the dorsal or 

 parietal surface [facies posterior], usually less convex, looks dorsally and somewhat 

 medially (fig. 1005). The upper extremity [extremitas superior] is usually larger 



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