REFERENCES FOR SKIN AND DUCTLESS GLANDS 1329 



THE AORTIC PARAGANGLIA 



The abdominal chromaffin bodies, the paraganglia aortica, or paraganglia 

 lumbalia, are situated on each side of the abdominal aorta near the point of origin 

 of the inferior mesenteric artery (figs. 1082, 1083). They are elongated, flat- 

 tened, ovoid bodies, softer and greyer than the lymphatic glands and extremely 

 variable in size. 



They measure, as a rule, between 6 and 12 mm. in length, although occasionally as long as 

 30 mm. or as short as 1 mm. They may be connected by transverse bands in front of the 

 aorta or occur as scattered nodules in this situation. They are intimately related to the aortic 

 sympathetic plexus and at least one of them is uniformly found. They consist of a mass of 

 chromaffin cells surrounded by a rich capillary plexus and contain many nerve fibres and nerve 

 cells. 



THE GLOMUS COCCYGEUM 



The coccygeal body [glomus coccygeum] is a small, spherical greyish-red body 

 consisting of a median unpaired mass 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, single or divided 

 into three to six connected nodules. It is placed immediately ventral to the tip 



Fig. 1084. — Coccygeal Gland, in Situ. 1, Sacrum; 2, coccyx; 3, coccj^geal gland; 4, 

 middle sacral artery; 5, 6, sacral sympathetic; 7, ganglion impar.; 8, last sacral; 9, coccygeal 

 nerve; 10, gluteus maximus; 11, ischio-coccvgeus; 12, levator ani; 13, ano-coccygeal raphe. 

 (Testut.) 



*5— s ^^ \" 



\ ^'^X 



S Dupret 



of the coccyx, imbedded in fat and in relation with the terminal branch or branches 

 of the medial sacral artery, with the ischio-coccygeal muscles, and fibres of the 

 sympathetic nervous system (fig. 1084). 



It is composed of groups of epithelial cells boxmd together by a mass of fibrous tissue and 

 containing a plexus of sinusoidal capillary vessels in intimate relation with the cells. Numerous 

 nerve fibres also enter the gland. It is not certain that the cells are chromaffin in character or 

 that the coccygeal body has an internal secretion. 



A. References for the skin and mammary gland. — General and topographic: Quain's 

 Anatomy, 11th ed., vol. ii, pt. 1; Testut, Traite d'Ajnatomie Humaine, 4th ed .; Poirier-Charpy, 

 Trait6 d'Anatomie, vol. v; Rauber-Kopsch, Lehrbuch der Anatomic, 9th ed.; Bardeleben, 

 Handbuch der Anatomie, vol. v, pt. 1; Merkel, Topographische Anatomie; Corning, Lehrbuch 

 •der topographischen Anatomie. Development: Keibel and Mall, Human Embryology. Skin: 

 Heidenhain, Anat. Hefte., vol. xxx; Kean (finger prints), Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. xlvii; 

 Unna (blood and lymph), Arch. f. mikr. Anat., vol. Ixxii; Botezat (nerves) Anat. Anz., vol. 

 xxxiii. Nails: Branca, Annales de Dermat. et Syphilis, 1910; Mammary glands; Kerr, Buck's 

 Ref. Hand. Med. Sci. (Breast) vol. 4, 1914. 



B. References for the ductless glands.- — General and topographic: Quain's Anatomy, 

 11th ed. ; Testut, Traite d'Anatomie Humaine, 4th ed., vol. iv; Poirier-Charpy, Traite d'Anatomie 

 vol. iv.; Rauber-Kopsch, Lehrbuch der Anatomie, 9th ed.; Merkel, Topographische Anatomie; 

 Corning, Lehrbuch der topographischen Anatomie, 3rd ed. Development: Keibel and Mall, 

 Human Embryology. Spleen: Shepherd, Jour. Anat. and Physiol., vol. xxxvii; Mall, Amer. 

 Jour. Anat., vol. ii. Thyreoid: Marshall, Jour. Anat. and Physiol., vol. xxix. Parathyreoids: 

 Forsyth, Brit. Med. Jour., 1907; Rulison, Anat. Rec, vol. iii; Halsted and Evans, Annals of Surg., 

 vol. xlvi. Thymus: Hammar, Erbge. d. Anat. u. Entwick., Bd., xix. Suprarenal glands: 

 Gerard, Georges et Maurice, Bull. Mem. Soc. Anat. Paris, 1911, (6) T. 13; Ferguson, J. S., 

 Amer. Jour. Anat., vol. v, 1905. Carotid body: Gomez, .L. P., Am. Jour. Med. Sci., vol. cxxxvi; 

 Aortic paraganglia; Zuckerkandl, Verhandl. d. Anat. Gesell., 15th Versamm., 1901. 



84 



