ILLUSTRATIONS. Xlll 



Page 



54. Section of a bean-seed, 136 



55. Seed-leaves, root, and first true leaf of the beech, ib. 



56. Dissection of the water-grub of a May-fly, 139 



57. Caterpillars of the Clifden nonpareil feeding on the 



gray poplar, 142 



58. Ditto, in a more advanced stage of growth, l43 



59. Walking-leaf insect magnified, 144 



60. Transformations of the brimstone moth, 145 



61. Caterpillars of the swallow-tailed moth, 146 



62. A two-winged fly ( Volucellu plumata), 149 



63. Transformations of the puss moth, 152 



64. Lobster caterpillar, '53 



65. Aquatic grubs of gnats in a glass vessel of water, 155 



66. Larvae of the common-gnat, floating in water, two 



figures, 156 



67. Buoy-like structure in the tail of a water-grub of a 



two-winged fly, 157 



68. Telescopic-tailed water-larvae, three figures, 158 



69. Water-worms, two figures, 159 



70. Grub of the dragon-fly, and various parts of its body 



magnified, five figures, 162 



71. Mask of the dragon-fly grub, four figures, 164 



72. Moultingof caterpillars, and magnified views of parts, 



ten figures, 172 



73. Exuvia and pulmonary vessels of the rhinoceros beetle, 175 



74. (joat moth caterpillar escaping from a drinking-glass, 178 



75. Magnified view of the dorsal muscles of the upper half 



ofthecossus, 182 



76. Caterpillar of cossus escaping from under a loaded 



glass, 184 



77. Methods used by spiders and caterpillars for ascending 



their threads, 186 



78. Caterpillar of the tiger-moth, two figures, 187 



79. Grub of the museum beetle, natural size and magni- 



fied, two figures, ib. 



80. Tail of ditto, magnified, ib. 



81. Hairs of ditto, magnified, two figures, ib. 



82. Thorny hairs of caterpillars, three figures, 189 



83. Green tortoise beetle (Cassida equestris), 191 



84. Grub of ditto, magnified, to show its anal forks, ib. 



85. Grub of ditto, with its canopy of excrements, ib. 



86. Spit frog-hopper, and froth covering the grub of the 



same, two figures, 192 



87. Caterpillar of the drinker moth, two figures, 194 



88. Caterpillar of the angle-shades moth, ib. 



