IGol.] HISTOUY OF DELAWARE COUNTY, 56 



assistance? In that settlement there tlwelt five freemen, who 

 cultivated the land and lived very well."' 



"■ Karakung^ otherwise called Water Mill stream, is a fine 

 stream, very convenient for water mills: the Governor caused onp 

 to be erected there. It was a fine mill which ground both fine 

 and coarse flour, and was going early and late ; it was the first 

 that was seen in that country. There was no fort near it but 

 only a strong dwelling house, built of hickory, and inhabited by 

 freemen." 



" Chammassungh, or Finland. This place was inhabited by 

 Finns, who had strong houses but no fort. It lies at the distance 

 of two German miles east of Christina by water ; and by land, 

 it is distant two long Swedish miles." 



" TeehoJierassi, Olof Stille's place, was a small plantation, 

 Avhich was built by Swedish freemen, who gave it that name. 

 They were frequently visited by Indians as it was on the river 

 shore, and surrounded with water like a small island." Tlie 

 Indians named Olof on account of his thick black beard. This 

 place was near the mouth of Ridley creek.- 



The troubles of Governor Stuyvesant were not alone with the 

 Swedes. He was constantly embroiled with his own people, and 

 his New England neighbors gave him much trouble. His corres- 

 pondence^ with the English, in which several transactions on the 

 Delaware come under review, evinces much ability, while his 

 domestic feuds show him to have been self-willed and arbitrary. 

 In a communication from Secretary Yan Tienhoven, to the 

 States General, dated Februaiy •22nd, he suggests the planting 

 of a colony at Swanendale — one on the east side of the bay, and 

 a third one, " at the company's redoubt, named Beversreede," 

 as the best means of preventing the further ''progress of the 

 Swedes."* The subsequent policy of the Dutch, on the Delaware, 

 is foreshadowed in this letter. 



Governor Stuyvesant had been advised by the Directors of the 

 West India Company of their intention to apply to the Queen of 

 Sweden, for the establishment of limits between the Swedes and 

 Dutch on the South river.'' This may have been, in part, the 

 inducement for the visit of his e.xcellency to the Delaware, which 

 happened this year. Upon his first arrival, it does not appear 

 that he had a personal interview with Governor Printz — as their 

 negotiations are said to have been conducted by means of " let- 

 ters and messengers." After communicating to the Governor, 



' This location has already been designated. See also map of Early Settlements. 



* See Lindstroom's map in Canipanius. 46. 



* The correspondence of (iovernors Kieft and Stuyvesant with the English, and 

 which extended through several years, has been extracted from Haz. Hist. Col. and 

 published in N. Y. Hist. Col. i. l'S9-290. 



* N. Y. Col. Doc. i. .301. 5 Haz. Ann. 122. 



