86 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. [1664. 



and forced their return — disasters, in which Stuyvesant saw 

 " the hand of God," relieved the Dutch " from all apprehension 

 and dread, "^ and saved our land from again passing under the 

 dominion of the Swedes. 



The Swedes and Finns had enjoyed more privileges of trade 

 under the government of the Company, than the city now pro- 

 posed to allow them. After having been absolved from their 

 oath of allegiance to the Company, they unanimously refused to 

 renew it to the city, unless their former trading privileges and 

 others were restored. D'Hinoyosa had fixed upon Aponquin- 

 imy as his future residence, at which point he intended to build a 

 capital, in order to promote his trade with the English ; but his 

 administration of the government as recently extended, was so 

 brief, till the whole authority of the Dutch passed into the hands 

 of the English, that nothing worthy of note occurred, except the 

 issuing of a patent to certain Swedes for eight hundred acres of 

 land in Passayunk. 



During the exclusive exercise of Dutch rule on the Delaware, 

 the personal intercourse existing between the Dutch and Swedish 

 inhabitants was no doubt friendly ; but the government looked 

 upon the Swedes with suspicion and distrust, nnd adopted tyran- 

 nical and oppressive regulations in respect to them. Had all these 

 regulations been rigidly enforced by the local authorities, it 

 would probably have resulted in a general exodus of the Swedes 

 and Finns to Maryland. 



Ecclesiastical affairs during this period present rather a 

 gloomy aspect. Two of the three Swedish priests on the river 

 at the time of the Dutch conquest, left with Rysingh, or shortly 

 afterwards.^ The standing of the one Avho remained,'^ and who 

 doubtless had charge of the church at Tinicum, as well as of that 

 at Christina, was not, during this period, well calculated to ele- 

 vate the morals of his flock. We may sympathize with this man 

 on account of the wrongs he suffered, but our sympathy will be 

 tempered by the belief, that had he lived a life more in accordance 

 with his holy functions, he would not have fallen into the hands 

 of his persecutors. Such as he was, he was the only one in the 

 country, and "served both the Swedes and the Dutch. "^ 



1 N. Y. Col. Doc. ili. 236. ^ Campanius, 108. 



^ This personage appears under several different names. Campanius, as translated by 

 Duponcciiu, calls him Lawrence Charles LukeuvKa, p. 108. To his petition his name is 

 signed, Laurentius Careln, while in a note to Campanius by the translator, he is called 

 Lawrence Lock. The Dutch records refer to him as the Rev. Laers. His great intirm- 

 ity appears to have been an over fondness for intoxicating drinks. See Doc. Hist. N. 

 Y. iii. 105. It may, however, be inferred that he became reformed in his latter years ; 

 for in 1675 he became the proprietor of the tract of land formerly occupied by die 

 Stille at the mouth of Ridley creek, and we arc informed by Campanius that " he died 

 in the Lord" in 1688. (See Sec. State's office, Albany, Book ''Delaware Lands," p. 15, 

 Campanius, 109.) 



* Acreliuf, 425. 



