1200 geology and physical geography of the state of perak, 



Tecca. 



Between Laliat and Goping tbere is a small mining village at 

 the foot of a spur from the main range and close to limestone rocks. 

 I did not examine the workings here which are small. There are 

 also other small tin workings ot the base of the limestone hills. 

 But it appears to me that all the valleys at the junction of the 

 limestone ought to be rich in tin. The indications are exactly 

 the same as those of the rich mines mentioned already. 



K am par River. 



Along this river Malays have worked for tin successfully in the 

 sand-banks left dry by the stream. Or they have turned the coui'se 

 of the river and found abundance of tin sand in its former bed. 

 All along the course of this stream there are outcrops of both 

 limestone and gi-anite, showing every favourable indication at the 

 junction of the two deposits. 



Kuala Diepang. 



About four miles from the junction of the Diepang ^vith the 

 Kampar River, the new Government road passes close to the lime- 

 stone range. Here Malays and Chinese are woi'king for stream 

 tin in the limestone caves which are found at various levels above 

 the river valley. Payable tin has been taken out of mines 1000 

 feet above the valley. The tin is in fine earth of dai'k brown 

 colour, mingled with glossy rounded pea iron ore. It is very 

 unlike the tin drift of the valleys but the difference is due to its 

 mode of preservation. Much of the earth is a kind of guano, 

 chiefly derived from the decomposed excrement of bats and birds. 

 The remainder is probably derived from decomposed granite 

 materials of which the siliceous particles still remain. 



If as I suppose this tin sand is dei-ived from the granite it afibrds 

 evidence of the great erosion to which the limestone has been 

 subjected. We must suppose that the limestone strata where the 

 caves are now where once the bottom of a valley connected with 



