156 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



population." A national organization is advocated, in which regard 

 would be paid to the following : 



" (a) The gathering of statistics of the products of the 

 country as regards both quality and quantity, the conditions 

 of production and growth, the cost of production and the cost of 

 marketing. 



" (b) An investigation as to the possibility of the economic 

 production of any article of commercial importance not now 

 manufactured, mined, or grown in Canada. 



" (c) The most profitable methods of manufacture or growth 

 of present or future products and the increase of output. _ This 

 involves provision for research, trade schools and the intimate 

 personal training of the farming community by means of model 

 farms and otherwise." 



The memorandum very properly emphasizes that greater use 

 should be made of the engineer and chemist, in whose hands is the 

 material development of modern civilization. 



The Organization of Rural Manufactures 



There are three kinds of development in connection with manu- 

 facture which may be organized and stimulated in rural areas. Firstly, 

 there are the domestic or petty industries, which can be carried on 

 in the homes of the people and consist to a large extent of the making 

 of small articles for domestic use, souvenirs, etc. This class of indus- 

 try has been successful in building up the rural districts of France 

 and Belgium, where a large variety of manufactured articles are made 

 in the homes of the peasant farmers. Secondly, there is, the kind 

 of development which consists of the establishment of new factories 

 in rural territory where the existence of natural resources, including 

 water-power and raw material for manufacture, may enable a small 

 town or village to be extended into a large industrial centre, or may 

 result in an entirely new town being created. Thirdly, there is the 

 class of development which is taking place in suburban and rural 

 areas near large cities and towns as the result of the growing tendency 

 among manufacturers to move out from the big crowded centres in 

 order to escape high taxation and to get room for expansion. 



Some reference has already been made* to the last two 

 movements, showing that they are natural developments only re- 

 quiring to be properly organized to enable them to yield results of 

 great national importance in connection with the distribution of 

 population and the utilization of the resources of the country. 



* See page 41. 



