226 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



(2) The principal contents of development schemes in rural areas. 



(3) Summary or leading features of planning and development 

 legislation. 



General Objects of Development Schemes 



The main objects desired to be secured in planning land have 

 already been described as: — 



(a) Efficiency and convenience 



(b) Proper sanitary and hygienic conditions 



(c) Amenity or agreeableness 



All these relate, first, to the town, village or rural municipality 

 as organized communities; second, to the industry or industries, 

 which are the raison d'etre of each community, and, third, to family, 

 which is the unit of the social life of the community. 



(a) Efficiency and Convenience. — To plan for efficiency and 

 convenience in rural land development schemes we have chiefly to 

 consider the questions of transportation and distribution and the loca- 

 tion and grouping of farms, residences and factories. It has already 

 been pointed out how many things in connection with the agricultural 

 settlement are dependent for success on proper means of communica- 

 tion and on the planning of the location and grouping of homesteads. 



The development scheme will make no direct provision for agri- 

 cultural co-operation and education, but it will provide facilities for 

 these things in the way it arranges the settlement of land and the 

 means of communication; it will not include any provision for organiz- 

 ing rural credit banks but, having facilitated co-operation, and made 

 the educational and social centre more convenient to the farmer, 

 it will have provided the basis necessary for such banks to be suc- 

 cessfully established. It may not include provisions for establish- 

 ing an industrial village, but it may include a plan for the proper 

 location of such a village and have regard to the conditions — such as 

 the presence of water-power — which are required to establish a 

 healthy village. The development scheme provides the necessary 

 foundation for all these things. It has to consider the waterway, the 

 railway and the highway and how the efficient and convenient mean? 

 of communication can be secured for the farmer and the manufac- 

 turer. Under the present system of planning land no regard is paid 

 to these important problems — the requirements of traffic have to 

 adapt themselves to suit the survey plan of streets instead of the plan 

 being adapted to suit the requirements of traffic. 



