This emergence is stated by Dr. Bernard Altum to take place in 

 the second (not the following) year after the egg is laid. After 

 having eaten its way up to the top of the tunnel, the caterpillar hyber- 

 nates for the second time, then turns to the pupal or chrysalis state ; 

 and at the beginning of the summer the pupa is stated to push itself 

 out of the " flight-hole," and the moth escapes. The transverse rows 

 of prickles or points on the abdominal segments, by means of which 

 the pupfB are able to push themselves through the opening of the 

 larval tunnel, were clearly observable in the specimen sent with the 

 help of a moderately strong magnifier. The colour of the pupa was 

 a medium shade of brown. 



The moth (see figure, p. 1) is only about an inch in spread of the 

 fore wings, which are transparent, at least towards the base, and the 

 hinder wings are also transparent, whence the name of "Clearwing." 

 The moth is generally of a blue-black colour ; the horns, or antennae, 

 have a whitish or yellowish ring or bar on the upper side ; the thorax 

 (or body between the wings) has a lateral yellow line, and the breast 

 has a yellow patch ; the abdomen has oyie white or yellow ring, and 

 possibly a spot or bar at the base. The tuft at the end of the tail is 

 fan-shaped and black. " The fore wings have the margins and trans- 

 verse mark and tip, blue or brown-black" (J. 0. W.). Hind wings, 

 with fringes purplish black. On the first examination of the specimen 

 figured, when it was presumably only recently developed from the 

 chrysalis, the full lemon-yellow, rather than white, tint of the markings 

 was very observable ; in about a day or so, however, this colour had 

 become much paler in some of the markings, and the point may be 

 worth noting in reference to identification. 



The following description of the larva or caterpillar is taken from 

 ' The Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths,' by the late William 

 Buckler (London, published by the Ray Society, vol. ii. p. 49). 



As there were no caterpillars, in a condition for description, present 

 in the Alder stem when received, I give the following note, by Mr. 

 Buckler,* of " a full-grown larva of this species, which he had found 

 burrowing in the stem of the Alder tree." " The larva was about an 

 inch in length ; its flattened head was of a purplish red-brown colour; 

 the second segment, which was very much larger than any other, bore 

 a shining plate outlined with brown ; there was also a shining ochre- 

 ous plate on the anal segment. The body was of a pale yellowish 

 flesh-colour, with the dorsal vessel indistinctly seen through the semi- 

 transparent skin. The spiracles were brown, but not very distinctly 

 visible, and there were a few short fine hairs in the usual situations." 

 — (W. B.) 



* See vol. previously quoted, p. 49. 



