14 APPLE. 



paler or yellowish at the end nearest the tip of the wing. Length of 

 the body about one-quarter of an inch.* 



The caterpillars of these Sawflies, of which many specimens were 

 sent me of which detailed account was given in my Eeport of Observa- 

 tions of 1891, t were, when apparently full-grown about July 14th, in 

 length between three-eighths and half-an-inch ; whitish or creamy in 

 colour ; head pale chestnut, eyes black, jaws dark brown in front, and 

 the plate above the tail, and the cross-band immediately preceding, 

 mottled with grey. The three first segments each furnished with a 

 pair of jointed legs ; fourth segment legless ; the fifth to the tenth 

 segments each furnished with a pair of sucker-feet, somewhat like 

 blunt tubercles, and the tail segment also furnished with a similar 

 pair, the caterpillar or larva thus possessing twenty feet in all. 



In the early stage (that is in the case of specimens a little more 

 than one-eighth of an inch in length), these differed by the markings 

 being somewhat deeper in colour. The head, and also the plate above 

 the tail, were in each case shining pitchy or black, and the tail plate 

 was immediately preceded by one cross-band of similar colour, and this 

 again by two narrower and shorter streaks also black or pitchy. The 

 black tail plate and the preceding band sometimes formed one 

 mass. The claw legs were also darker than in the preceding speci- 

 mens. 



Still tracing the changes of appearance backwards | up to the com- 

 mencement of life out of the egg, I have the following observation from 

 Mr. Coleman: — "The caterpillars when first hatched are scarcely 

 visible to the naked eye — ^^^"i^^^^ o^ l^ss in length — head and body 

 transparent, or nearly so ; the eyes black, and a faint shade of chest- 

 nut on the helmet and tail piece ; in a very short time the shining 

 black head and tail makes its appearance, when the caterpillar is about 

 one-eighth inch in length. There may be a moult, but have not been 

 able to notice this, as the specimens are so small at that stage. They 

 are very ravenous, and soon leave the first Apple unless it happens to 



* The above description is taken from careful comparison of the specimens sent 

 me by Mr. Coleman, with the description of the Hoplocampa testudinea given in 

 ' Mon. of Brit. Phytophagous Hymenoptera,' Cameron, vol. i., p. 258 ; and also the 

 description by Prof. J. 0. Westwood in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' for 1847, pp. 

 851, 852, of the same species of Sawfiy under its synonyms of Tenthredo testudinea, 

 of Klug and Stephens. The species having been described under such various 

 synonyms by various writers, I have thought it jjerhaps best to add the name of 

 " Cameron " at heading, as the authority quoted, Mr. Cameron's valuable work 

 being our British Text-book of Phytophagous Hymenoptera. — Ed. 



+ See ' Keport of Observations of Injurious Insects during the year 1891,' i3. 3, 

 by Ed. 



X I have given the different varieties of appearance in this order, as it is in its 

 developed condition that the caterpillar is best known. 



