bo CURRANT. 



black lines. Head and claw-feet black ; the single pair of sucker-feet 

 beneath the abdomen, and the caudal pair of sucker-feet blackish 

 outside. 



Besides the orange or reddish stripe along each side, the segment 

 next the head, and the under side of the third and fourth, and also of 

 the four segments at the tail extremity, are of the same reddish colour. 



The perfect insect, which in its lightness of make and gay colouring 

 more agrees with the general idea of a butterfly than of a moth, is 

 (typically) marked on both wings with black spots, scattered, or forming 

 interrupted stripes, as figured at p. 67 ; the fore wings with white 

 ground colour, with a yellow or orange blotch at the base, and a band 

 of the same colour across the middle. Ground colour of the hind 

 wings white. Head black, body between the wings and abdomen yellow, 

 the former with one or two black spots, the latter with five rows of 

 black spots, one running along the back, one on each side, and two 

 beneath. It may, however, vary in colouring ffom being merely marked 

 with a few spots and breaks, or clouds, to both wings being almost 

 entirely clouded with black. 



The moths are about from midsummer during the summer months, 

 and the life-history of the insect makes measures of prevention very 

 practicable and simple. The moth eggs soon hatch, and the young 

 caterpillars feed for a few weeks, but the leafage being then strong and 

 plentiful, and the caterpillars small, they do not appear to do much 

 damage, and presently they either spin themselves up for winter in a 

 folded leaf, hung to the bough by spun threads, or winter in the fallen 

 leaves beneath the bushes. When spring and young leafage return, 

 the caterpillars come out again, and feed until towards May or later, 

 when they spin a light cocoon in any convenient place, as on the 

 twigs or palings, or in crevices, and within this they turn to a 

 chrysalis, which is at first yellow, afterwards black with golden coloured 

 rings. 



From the above life-history it will be obvious that where attack has 

 been noticed a very little care in winter cultivation will prevent 

 its recurrence. Pruning, and dressing under the bushes should not 

 take place until the time for fall of the leaves is quite past. Then if the 

 bushes are carefully gone over, so as to ascertain that no caterpillar 

 leaf-cradles are left attached to the boughs, and the surface beneath 

 the bushes is lightly skimmed so as to remove the leaves and rubbish 

 lying on the earth, and this collected carefully as the work goes on (not 

 piled in heaps or scattered, but so placed as to insure complete 

 removal), and then destroyed, not merely thrown aside, there will be 

 little fear of attack recurring. After this plan has been carried out, 

 then forking, manuring, and all other customary measures of bush- 

 fruit treatment will lessen the likelihood of any caterpillars escaping 

 destruction, 



