106 ORCHARD CATERPILLARS. 



and eggs were also laid beneath protecting edges of the paper. Adding 

 to this the difficulties arising from transport of the wingless females in 

 connection with the winged males, and also from successive broods of 

 Winter Moths, or other alHed kinds occurring at variable dates from 

 the middle of October until Api-il, it was plain that even to meet this 

 one matter of prevention of egg-laying of wingless female moths, 

 something more was needed. 



Unfortunately this, however, was not the only matter. Besides the 

 caterpillars from these eggs, with the early summer there came hordes 

 of other kinds, of which the egg-laying of the parents could not be even 

 so well guarded against, and for which a sweeping remedy, such as could 

 be applied when occasion required, was needed. 



For this the use of spraying with Paris-green, which had long been 

 serviceably adopted in the United States and Canada, was introduced ; 

 and with the help of a Committee of Experiment, formed of leading 

 fruit-growers round Evesham, or in the neighbouring districts, the first 

 difficulties regarding the introduction of this new application were got 

 over, and its adoption secured. 



Now, the various preventive or remedial measures are showing 

 their effects in making their repetition to be much less called for, and 

 it may be hoped that with these to fall back upon (and also with the 

 continual increase of useful knowledge regarding different kinds of 

 washes and implements for applying them), the orchard caterpillars 

 will not again (where duly looked to) become such a devastating 

 scourge.* 



* Keports of methods of treatment found serviceable in prevention of orchard 

 insect attack will be found in my 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th Annual Reports of 

 Observations of Injurious Insects. These orchard notes include, beside many reports 

 from practical observers, notes of treatment based on the habits of the insects, 

 recipes for bark smears, and methods of application, and, especially in the 14th and 

 15th Eei^orts, notes from experimenters, and directions regarding use of Paris- 

 green. — Ed. 



