ROSE CHAFER AND COMMON COCKCHAFER. 29 



as the P. Jiorticola ; also it is much longer lived, as it passes four years 

 before it reaches beetle state ; and also its flight time is in the evening, 

 not in the sunny hours of the day. 



The grubs in both cases are very fleshy, yellowish in general colour, 

 excepting at the extremity of the abdomen, which is more or less 

 swelled out by the contained food into what is called the " sack," 

 which, from this food showing through the transparent skin, has a dark 

 bluish colour. Both kinds have horny brownish or ochrey heads, 

 armed with strong jaws, and also both kinds have six long legs at the 

 fore part of the body. There is no difficulty at all in distinguishing 

 between the kind of the grubs after the Cockchafer grub has passed the 

 full-grown size of the Kose Chafer grub ; but previously to that, it 

 appears to me there may be difficulties in technical identification. 



For those, however, who wish to be able to identify the two kinds 

 of larvas with certainty for scientific purposes, the fullest descriptions 

 are available in the work ' De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum Obser- 

 vationes,' by I. Schiodte, which extend over two or three pages each of 

 Latin descriptions. Not being able myself fully to master the details 

 of the entomological Latin, I most gladly availed myself of the kind 

 assistance of Mr. W. Hatchett Jackson, M.A., of Keble College, Oxford, 

 who was good enough to translate and tabulate the distinctive points 

 for me. The attack was passing away when I became aware of these 

 full descriptions being in existence, and specimens in spirit were not 

 serviceable for certain identification of many of the minute details; but 

 so far as I could judge from the more obvious characteristics besides 

 those which I had observed duriug the summer ; and also that of the 

 power of the grubs of moving about with very fair activity, also their 

 decided difference in appearance from that of a half-grown Cockchafer 

 grub, which I had the opportunity of examining, it appears to me that 

 all the different collections of grubs sent from under the turf (save 

 where otherwise specified) might be safely considered to be those of the 

 Rose Chafer, the Phyllopertha horticola. 



The following notes of some of the characteristic differences between 

 the two species of larvas (taken from the work above mentioned), which 

 do not require either high microscopic powers, or minute dissection for 

 their observation, may perhaps be of service. 



Larva of Phijllopertha horticola. — Vertical suture of head a very fine 

 line. Epistoma broader by half than it is long. Third joint of 

 antennae of same length as the first joint. Tibiae of legs twice as short 

 as femora. Claws of legs increasing in size in the successive pairs. 

 Abdomen cylindrical though somewhat clavate. Anal valves obscurely 

 marked off; lunate in shape. Spiracles orbicular. 



Larva of Melolontha vulgaris. — Vertical suture of head deeply 

 countersunk for a short space behind the epistoma, its margins some- 



