76 HORSE. 



bit of biniodide of mercury ointment, wbich destroyed tbem all in 

 about a week or ten days. The mare bad a very fine coat, and was 

 five years old." — (S. H.) 



Whether the Horse Warble Fly is of the same species as the Ox 

 Warble Fly, — that is, whether it is the Hypoderma bonis, — does not 

 appear yet to be fully known. Various names have been provisionally 

 given to it in the larval stage in which it has been recorded, but up to 

 dates of j^^Mished information in my hands, the fly had not been 

 reared, neither had the maggot been secured for description in its 

 full-grown state. Dr. Brauer (a translation of whose description of 

 the partly-grown grub* I gave in my 'Tenth Eeport on Injurious 

 Insects,' pp. 90, 91) observed: — "To distinguish whether it is the 

 larva of the H. hovis or of another kind, we must know the third stage. 

 It is very likely it belongs to another kind, possibly the H. silenus." 



The maggots which were seen in our English observations were 

 not sufficiently minutely noted as to show which species of Hypoderma 

 they might belong to. They had prickles, and also mouth-forks, like 

 those noticed in the young Ox Warble-maggot, see figs., pp. 5, 9 of 

 Appendix. Amongst all the observations, only two instances occurred 

 of the fly being reared, and in both of these the flies died, and 

 shrivelled or putrefied so very soon that I had not the satisfaction of 

 seeing them for purposes of identification. 



One peculiarity of this Horse Warble attack is that the locality of 

 the warbles is not so specially along the back as with cattle, but also 

 on the neck, flank, and quarter. Also that, though very likely only 

 one warble may be present, the mischief, — that is, the sweUing, pain, 

 &c., — caused by this one may possibly be far more than is caused by 

 any one warble on cattle. The amount of suffering probably depends 

 on position ; in one of the worst cases mentioned to me by Mr. 

 Thompson, in which he removed the maggot from the neck of a 

 thoroughbred horse, the swelling was diffused and extensive along 

 nearly all the length of the shoulder-blade, and these parts were very 

 painful. 



The larvae f have been chiefly observed in the more northerly parts 

 of Europe, as the North of France, Belgium, Holland, and on the 

 coasts of the North Sea; also we find it distributed generally in 

 England ; and it is stated that such horses especially suffer as were 

 exposed in July and August of the previous year to possibility of the 

 Warble Fly attack. 



The following notes, for which I was indebted in the course of my 



* See ' Monogiaphie der ffistriden,' pp. 137, 188, von Friedrich Brauer: Wien. 



t See Dr. Brauer's work previously referred to ; also my own translation of his 

 observations on this attack in note pp. 90, 91, of my ' Tenth Eeport of Observations 

 of Injurious Insects. 



