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MANGOLDS. 



Snake Millepedes. Julid(B of various species. 

 Flattened Millepede. Polydesmus complanaius, Linn. 



1, Julus londinensis ; 3, J. guttatus (pulchellus, Leach) ; 4, J. terrestris ; 5, horn; 

 7, Polydesmus complanatus : all magnified. 2 and 6, nat. size of 3 and 7. 



Julns-worms, or Millepedes, of various kinds, sometimes also known 

 as False Wireworms, are one of the kinds of infestation which are 

 much requiring fuller observation, and I place them here under the 

 heading of Mangolds as being one of the field crops especially infested 

 by them. 



They are well-known kitchen-garden pests, especially the small 

 pale grey kind, with crimson spots along the sides, which we only too 

 often find fairly luxuriating in numbers in our best and ripest Straw- 

 berries. This kind, the Julus guttatus, or Spotted Millepede, figured 

 at 2 and 3 (nat. size and magnified), often changes to a deep crimson 

 or purplish tint after death. Of the other common species figured, the 

 Jiilus terrestris (4) is upwards of an inch in length, of a pitchy colour, 

 with ochrey legs ; and the J. londinensis, the London Millepede, so called 

 from having been first observed near London, and also at one time 

 found infesting Wheat in Surrey, is of a dark leaden colour, with 

 whiter legs than the J. terrestris, or Earth Millepede. The Polydesmus 

 coinplanatus, or Flattened Millepede, a term well describing its appear- 

 ance (figured above at 6 and 7), is of a greyish or somewhat purplish 

 colour above, and lighter below, and, as far as my own observations 

 go, I should say more especially frequent in collections of dead leaves. 



All these kinds are considered to have the same methods of life. 

 Their egg-laying season is stated to be from about the end of December 

 until May, and the young Millepedes when hatched have three pairs 

 of legs. With successive moults, additional rings or segments bearing 

 additional pairs of legs are developed, until, in some instances, there 



