110 TURNIP. 



"It is most seen in 'crofts' (small farms) where the lots are in 

 narrow stripes ; in some cases I have seen the half of a lot next the 

 last year's Turnip lot half eaten. 



" They do not seem to fly much." * 



This species is obviously much less of a water-frequenting kind 

 than others of its family or genus, and it seems very likely that the 

 grubs may turn to chrysalids in the earth, and winter there, ready to 

 change to beetles in spring. 



For remedial measures, probably the usual dressings for Turnip 

 Flea-beetle would do good ; as, for instance, the well-known mixture 

 in proportions of lime and gas-lime, each one bushel, thoroughly 

 mixed and powdered up with soot, ten pounds, and sulphur, six 

 pounds. This applied early in the morning, if the beetles are then 

 on. Nitrate of soda applied, as noted at p. 100, by hand on each 

 Turnip would also help to push on growth, and very likely help to 

 poison the little maggots before they got down into the leaf-stalks 

 and bulb. 



How far this attack may be found in southern Britain we do not 

 as yet know, but the beetles certainly are to be found, and where 

 Turnips may be noticed in the coming season with yellow-patched 

 leaves, with edges turned in, and the central growth stunted, and 

 forming an upright compressed mass, I should be very glad of speci- 

 mens for examination. From a few Turnips sent me last year, I 

 think the infestation might very likely be found doing harm in the 

 neighbourhood of Norwich. 



Springtails. Smynthurus luteiis, Lubbock, and S. niger, Lubbock. 



Smynthurus NIGER, magnified, nat. length one-twenty-third of an inch.t 



* See ' Thirteenth Eeport of Observations of Injurious Insects,' by E. A. 

 Ormerod, p. 100. 



t Figure copied, with thanks, from Plate VI. of 'Monograph of Collembola and 

 Thysanura ' (Eay Society), by Sir John Lubbock. 



