278 ORCHIDS OF THE SIKKIM-HIMALAYA. 
'SPIRANTHES AUSTRALIS, Lindl. in Bot. Reg., sub t. 893. 
Whole plant 6 to 18 in. high. Stem stout or slender, roots tuberous. Leaves four 
or five, alternate, clustered near the base of the stem, linear, shortly sheathing, acute or 
acuminate, sometimes oblanceolate, 1:5 to 4 in. long and :25 in. or less broad. Stem 
with a few distant sheathing bracts ‘5 in. long. Spikes 3 to 6 in. long; the rachis 
glandular-pubescent. lowers in a spiral, crowded, *1 to :2 in. long; floral bract ovate, 
longer than the sessile ovary. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-oblong with broad bases, the apices 
acute and reflexed. Petals smaller than the sepals, linear, obtuse, the apices reflexed. Lip 
oblong, dilated at base and apex, the base sub-saccate, bi-glandular; the apex sub-quadrate, 
truncate, erose, the margins undulate. Polliniz cohering, clavate. Capsule fusiform, 
ridged, pubescent, :25 in. long. Lindl. Gen. and Spec. Orch., 464; in Journ. Linn. 
Soc. I, 178; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 270; A. Rich. in Ann. Sc. Nat, ser. 2, 
XV, 78; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. VI, 102. 8. flexuosa and 8. parviflora, Lindl. in Bot. 
Reg. under t. 823. S. атала, Bunge Enum. РІ. China, 63. 8. Nove Zelandice, 
Hook. Handb. Fl. New Zeal., 913. Neottia australis, R. Br. Prod. 319; Don Prod. FI. 
Nep. 27. М. crispata, Blume Bijdr., 406. М. flexuosa and М. parviflora, Smith in 
Rees’ Cyclop. МЛ. sinensis, Pers. Syn. П, 511. М. amena, Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc, III, 
606.  Gyrostachys australis, Blume Fl. Jav: 107, t. 37, 38. Spiranthes, Griff. Notul. Ш, 
984; Те. Plant. Asiat., t. 348. 
Sikkim; common from 2,000 to 8,000 feet; in flower during April and May and also 
during August and September; Pantling No. 107. Throughout the mountainous parts of 
India at suitable altitudes. Distrib. Affghanistan, Northern Asia, China, Java, Australia 
and New Zealand. 
The flowers produced in spring are white; those appearing in autumn are often pink. 
PLATE 369.—Spiranthes australis, Lindl. A plant in flower and fruit, of natural sise. Fig. 1 bract, 
ovary and flower, 2 column with anther in situ, and lip, seen from the side, 9 lip, upper surface, 4 front 
view of the apex of ovary and column, showing the rostellum (r), stigma (s), pollinia (p), and anther (а), 
5 profile view of the foregoing, 6 anther, 7 front and back views of the pollinia ; ай enlarged. 
81. Goodyera, R. Brown. 
Terrestrial leafy herbs. Svem decumbent below, erect above, Leaves usually rather 
thick, with wide sheaths and usually with petioles also. Flowers small, numerous, in 
terminal, sometimes secund, spikes or racemes. Sepals sub-equal, often pubescent outside; 
the dorsal concave and, with the petals, forming a hood over the column; the lateral pair 
free, sub-connivent or spreading.. Lip attached to the base of the column, entire, 
saccate or cymbiform at the base; the apical lobe small, usually acute and decurved ; 
the basal вас with sete calli or ridges inside, rarely smooth. Column short, the rostellum 
projecting. Anther usually pyriform, with a long erect beak; pollinia 2, (4 іп G. grandis) 
clavate, sessile on a large or small gland. Stigma undivided, anticous. Species about 
36; temperate and tropical Europe, Asia, N. Апы N. Caledonia and the Mascarene 
Islands. 
дулат ‘Without айу callus dr pros om Иш шік | 
Sae of lip quite smooth within, globular, not projecting $ 
beyond the bases of the sepals о о GCG x. Ж O. ИЛЕ 
