ORCHIS. 801 
lying in а common pouch, or naked. Staminodes rugulose, attached to the outer surfaces 
of the anther-cells or to the column by their sides. Stigmas united into a transverse 
band lying across the column for its whole breadth, or distinct and at the margins of 
the column (0. Aabenarioides). Species about 80; natives of Europe, temperate parts of 
Asia and Africa, also of Madagascar. 
A genus very closely allied to Herminium and Hubenaria, and senior to both in order of publication, 
seeing that the name was adopted from Tournefort by Linneus; while Herminium originated with 
Linneus, and Habenaria was not published by Willdenow until 1805. For convenience for study, and 
with the view of avoiding a formidable increase to the already almost insupportable burden of synonymy, 
we propose to leave the genera as they are. Herminium and Hubenaria are at present kept out of 
Orchis by characters founded on the colour of their flowers, which is either green ог greenish-yellow 
(white in a few species of Hubenaria), while the flowers of Orchis are mostly pink or purple. 
Herminium and Habenaria the anther-cells have tubes which are absent in Orchis. In other respects the 
characters of the three gerera are substantially the same. The minute saccate form of the spur (when 
a spur is present at all) serves to some extent as a character to keep Herminium distinct from Orchis and 
Habenaria, in both of which a spur is largely developed. In Herminium the glands of the pollinia are 
invariably naked, and in all the Indian species of Habenaria (with the solitary exception of JH. pseud- 
ophrys) these glands are also naked; whereas, in the majority of the purple-flowered species ranked under 
Orchis, the two polliniar glands rest within a eommon pouch. Ophrys (also a Linnean genus) is closely 
allied to Orchis, but is distinguished from the latter by the absence of a spur and also by the presence, 
on the upper surface of the convex lip, of calli and other processes of which there is no trace in the 
flat lip of Orchis. In three of the four species of Orchis described in this book the stigmas are united, 
but in O. spathulata they are distinct, 
Stigmas distinct. 
Lip without side lobes. 
Apical lobe of lip rounded, entire ........ . 1. O. spathulata. 
Stigmas united. 
Apical lobe of lip with three shallow crenations . . . . . . 2. О. habenarioides. 
Lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal . . . . .. ... . 3, О. Chusua. 
Smaller in all its parts, the lobes much shallower . . . 2. ” (сағ. папа). 
Lip with large oblong truncate side lobes; the apical lobe with 
two truncate lobules almost as large as the side lobes . . . 4. 0. pulerula. 
1. ORCHIS sPATHULATA, Reichb. fil. 
Whole plant 2 to 8 inches high. Stem proceeding from a thin rhizome, with one 
or two lax tubular blunt sheaths at its base. Leaf solitary from very near the base, 
(rarely a second from the middle of the stem) narrowly elliptic, blunt, tapering 
into a petiole of varying length; length of blade 1 to 3 in., breadth :4 to 1 in., 
the petiole about the same length; stem above the leaf elongate, naked, slender, angled. 
Spike short, 1- to 4-flowered. Flowers nearly “5 in. across (vertically); floral bract longer 
than the flower, foliaceous, lanceolate, sub-acute. Sepals unequal, the dorsal ovate, obtuse, 
conniving with the petals to form a hood; the lateral pair as long, oblong, sub-acute, 
spreading. Petals broadly elliptic, faleate, tapering slightly to the obtuse oblique apex, 
somewhat shorter than the sepals. Lip as long as the sepals, broadly elliptic, obtuse at 
base and apex, the edges sub-undulate; the upper surface slightly pubescent, with numerous 
shallow vertical grooves running from base to near the apex, and with a slightly thickened 
area in front of the entrance to the spur; spur about half as long as the ovary, 
