94 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. (C. grandifolius. 
flowers, and the moderately large exactly spherical fruit and globular minutely 
pitted ruminate seed. 
SuPPL. Prate 52.—Calamus Samian Becc. Portion of the sheathed stem with 
an entire female spadix from which the fruits have fallen; upper end of a leaf; 
partial inflorescence with not fully developed fruits. From Elmer’s No. 11236 in 
Herb. Beccari. 
147d. CALAMUS GRANDIFOLIUS Becc. in Philip, Journ. Se. iv, (1909), 629. 
DESCRIPTION. — Apparently large and scandent. Sheathed stem about 4 cm. in 
diameter,  Leaf.sheaths strongly gibbous above, woody, very densely armed with 
very slender, scattered, elastic, very narrowly laminiform (sometimes bristle-like) 
blackish, shining, unequal spines, of which the largest are 25-30 mm. long.  Ocrea 
shortly liguliform, axillary, fringed with long and rigid bristles, ^ Leaves very large 
(in one specimen the pinniferous part is 1°7 m. long), terminating in a very robust, 
strongly clawed cirrus; petiole about 25 cm. long, 20-22 mm. broad, flat at the 
base above, and convex beneath, upwards flattened and biconvex, covered (especially 
on the upper surface) with short, ascendent spines which also cover the 
first portion of the rachis; on the margins the spines are not longer than 
elsewhere; the rachis is armed beneath (from the base upwards) with first solitary, 
then with 2- or 3-nate, and at the extremity with half-whorled, very robust claws; 
on the upper surface the rachis is convex-bifaced with a smooth salient angle, 
Leaflets numerous, alternate, equidistant, 5-7 cm. apart (on each side), rigid papyra- 
ceous, shining on both surfaces, rather broadly lanceolate, narrowing from below 
the middle to a rather acute base, very gradually acuminate to a bristly tip; the 
intermediate ones 40-42 cm. long, 4-5°5 cm. broad; the mid-costa is slender, but 
sharp above and has. 4-5, or more at times, slender, unequal, secondary nerves on 
each side of it; all nerves smooth on both surfaces; transverse veinlets very close 
together and very sharp; margins remotely and appressedly spinulous. Male spadiz 
. Female spadiz rigid, strict, erect, short (50 cm. long in one specimen) 
sicud appressed to the stem, with a very short (3 cm. long) 15 mm. broad, 
almost unarmed, much flattened pedicellar part, which gradually passes into the 
first spathe; the spadix bears only 4 small, gradually decreasing, partial inflores- 
cences, which are inserted inside the mouth of their respective spathe and are 
covered in every part with a brown scaly scurf. The primary spathes are 
tubular, minutely and appressedly  furfuraceous, and all densely barbed at the 
mouth with stiff, black, shining bristles; the lowest spathe much flattened, two- 
keeled, the keels bearing rather long subbristly spines; the upper spathes some- 
what inflated, carinate and spinose on the back, terminating in a short trian- 
gular point; the lowest partial inflorescences are the largest: they are 7-8 cm. 
long with only 3-4 spikelets on each side; secondary spathes infundibuliform, 
truncate at the mouth and slightly prolonged at one side, furnished at the summit 
with a few long stiff bristles; spikelets short and rather thick, 2-4°5 cm. long, 
with two series of 6-9 somewhat assurgent (not flatly bifarious) flowers; spathels 
very shortly infundibuliform, embracing the involuere; involucrophorum and involucre- 
which are very much alike, very shallowly cupular, and orbicular; areola 
of the neuter flower depressedly lunate and sharply bordered. Female flowers conical 
