98 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUITA. (0. manillensis. 
especially on their upper part, above the gibbosity, with rather robust, scattered, 
horizontal, short (5-10 mm. long) spines, which leave a very Cistinct impression 
on the surface of the sheath and have a broad base which is concave on the - 
lower and convex onthe upper surface; the ligule is represented by a short rim inside 
the mouth of the sheath. One leaf from a full grown plant is about 2:2 m. long in 
the pinniferous part and terminates in a rather long, very robust cirrus; the petiolar 
part is very short, 2:5 cm. broad at its base, flaitish and covered with small erect 
prickles above, rounded and smooth beneath, and with aeute and more or less prickly 
margins; the rachis is flattish and also prickly above in its first portion, but 
higher up becomes convex, and towards the extremity has an obtuse salient angle: 
beneath it is slightly convex, more or less covered with rusty scales, and armed 
towards the upper extremity of the  pinniferous part with at first solitary, then 
ternate, and finally half-whorled, very robust claws; in the cirrus these half- or 
three-quarter whorls are regularly spaced 3-4 cm. apart. The leaflets are about 30 
on each side, rather regularly alternate, and  equidistantly placed 38-6 cm. apart, 
towards the end even more: they are rigidulously papyraceous, green, smooth on the 
nerves and concolorous on both surfaces, somewhat concavo-convex, lanceolate or 
elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate with the tip bristly; the mesial leaflets are 30 cm, 
long or thereaboat and 5-7 cm. broad: those of the extremities are smaller: all are 
5-costulate, with a few secondary rather distinct nerves interposed between the 
costae ; transverse veinlets very crowded and numerous; the margins spinulous near 
the base, the spinules gradually passing into rigid spreading hairs near .the apex. 
Female spadiz rather diffuse, 70 cm. long, slightly nodding, with a rather rigid 
axis and with only 4-5 partial spreading inflorescences; the primary  spathes 
tightly-sheathing, fugaciously rusty-furfuraceous, elongate-infundibuliform, armed with 
small short claws in their upper part; the lowest spathe is 20 cm. long, 
18 mm. broad at the mouth, flattened, very sharply two-edged, entire and 
obliquely truncate at the mouth, which is fringed with small rusty  paieolae 
and is produced at one side into a triangular acntely—keeled point; the other 
primary spathes are entire, 7-10 cm. long, narrowing towards the bose, where they 
are flat with sharp margins on the inner side, and are prolonged at the apex into 
a triangular acutely-keeled point; the partial inflorescences are 20-35 cm. in 
length, have only 3-4 spikelets on each side, and terminate in a small, angular, 
tail-like appendage; the spikelets are 7-12 cm. long, otherwise as already described. 
The type specimen of C. érispermus (Merrill’s No. 1645 Herb. Manila) differs 
from that of Loher only in the more elongate spikelets; the discrepancies which 
may be noted in the descriptions of the leaves of the two are due to the fact 
that the leaf of Lohers specimen is one of the upper part of a full-grown plant, 
where the leaves have almost equidistant leaflets, while the leaf of Merrill’s specimen 
was probably from the lower part of the stem, or that of a young plant, where 
apparently the leaflets are approximate in pairs. 
150, CALAMUS MaNILLENsIS H. Wend]. Add:—Bece. in Webbia di U. Martelli, 
i (1905) 349. 
Mr. A. D. E. Elmer has collected of this, as yet very imperfectly known 
species, a fine and complete fruiting specimen in the Island of Mindanao, at Todaya 
