INTRODUCTION. Ixi 



The production of rye in the southern States, it will be seen, has doubled since 1850. Virginia 

 and North Carolina are, by far, the largest producers of rye in the southern States, though there it is 

 by no means an important crop. 



The following table shows the amount of rye raised in the Pacific States in 1860, as compared 



with 1850: 



I860. 1850. 



California 52, 140 



Oregon 2, 704 10G 



New Mexico ] , 300 



Washington 144 



Utah.. 



316 



California produces nearly all the rye grown in the Pacific States, though there it is not exten 

 sively cultivated. 



The following table shows the amount of rye raised in the different sections of the United Stales 

 in 1850 and in I860, in proportion to the population: 



I860. 1S50. 



New England States 0.42 0.57 



Western States 0.49 0.19 



Middle States 1-47 1.57 



Southern States 0.27 0.1 3 



Pacific States. . 0.10 0.001 



United States 0.66 0.64 



Much more rye than wheat is raised in New England, and the crop has increased, as we have 

 before shown from 1850 to 18GO, but, as the above table shows, it has hardly kept pace with the 

 increase in population. There is nearly half a bushel of rye raised in the New England States to each 

 inhabitant. The western States also raise about half a bushel of rye to each person. There is nearly 

 three times as much rye raised in the western States to each inhabitant as was raised in 1850. 



The middle States produce about one and a half bushel of rye to each inhabitant. There is, 

 however, a slight falling off in proportion to population since 1850. 



In the States and Territories there were sixty-four hundredths of a bushel of rye raised to 

 each inhabitant in 1850, and sixty-six hundredths in I860, showing a slight increase in proportion to 

 population. 



CULTURE OF RYE. 



Of all the bread-plants, rye will succeed best on the driest and poorest soils. It will grow where 

 wheat, barley, oats, and Indian corn would foil. With the aid of a little manure it can be grown year 

 alter year on the same soil. It is exceedingly grateful for manure, and its application to this crop is 

 quite profitable, especially in localities where the straw is in demand. 



Rye can be sown either earlier or later than winter wheat. In sections where corn cannot be 

 harvested in time to sow winter wheat, rye is frequently substituted after Indian corn. 



In England and in France, on the light soils where wheat alone is rather an uncertain crop, it is com 

 mon to sow rye with the wheat say half a bushel of rye to two bushels of wheat. Large crops are 

 thus produced, and the farmers use the mixture, when ground and bolted, for domestic use. It is 

 called &quot;monk corn.&quot; In Germany, under the name of &quot;mcslin,&quot; in France, &quot;meteil,&quot; the same mix 

 ture is extensively used. There is no sweeter bread than that made of these mixed grains, and its 

 long retention of moisture would render it valuable and popular as an army bread. 



Production of wheat, rye, and corn, in proportion to population. It may be well here to group 

 together the principal bread-crops of the United States for the years 1850 and 1860, to facilitate com- 



