INTRODUCTION. Ixxvii 



shall occupy in our system of rotation the place which the turnip occupies in British agriculture. We 

 have no such crop. The bean at the north has more of the necessary qualities than any other plant 

 extensively cultivated. It is planted in rows, and admits the use of the horsehoe in cleaning the 

 land. It docs not draw heavily on the soil, and contains a large amount of nitrogen, the clement 

 which the cereals so much need. The &quot;cow pea&quot; has these qualities in a still greater degree. In 

 the southern States it grows much more luxuriantly than the bean or the common pea at the north, and 

 is the best plant that is extensively grown in southern agriculture for enriching the land. 



The cow pea docs not flourish north of Virginia, and even in that State some of the best varieties 

 do not succeed as well as in the more southern States. It will be seen from the above table that 

 North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi raise the greatest amount of this crop. 

 In Virginia the plant is grown extensively, but probably the larger proportion of it is ploughed under 

 for manure. 



The following table shows the amount of peas and beans raised in the Pacific States in 18GO as 

 compared with 1850: 



18GO. 1850. 



California 10, r &amp;gt;, ,074 2, 292 



Oregon 34, 407 G, 5GG 



New Mexico 38, 514 15, G8S 



Washington 10, 850 



Utah.. 2,535 289 



251,880 24,835 



The cultivation of this crop is rapidly extending in the Pacific States. As will be seen from the 

 following table, they increase four times as rapidly as the population. 



The following table shows the amount of peas and beans raised in the different sections in I860 

 and 1850, and in the whole United States and Territories in proportion to population: 



I860. 1850. 



New England States 0.15 0.] 2 



Middle States 0.21 0.12 



Western States 0.10 0.13 



Southern States 1.26 0.97 



Pacific States.. 0.44 0.13 



United States and Territories 0.4S 0.35 



It will be seen that the increase in the production of peas and beans in all the States and Terri 

 tories more than keeps up with the increase in population. It was eleven quarts to each inhabitant 

 in 1850, and a little over fifteen quarts to each person in 18GO. 



In the New England States there were three and three-quarters quarts of peas and beans to 

 each inhabitant in 1850, and four and three-quarters quarts in I860. 



In the middle States there were three and three-quarters quarts in 1850, and seven quarts 

 in 1860. 



In the western States there were four quarts in 1850, and only three quarts in 1860, showing a 

 decrease in the production of peas and beans of 25 per cent, in proportion to population. 



In the southern States there were nearly a bushel of peas and beans to each person in 1850, and 

 over a bushel and a peck in 1860. 



It will be observed that there is a decided increase in the production of these crops in all the 

 different sections except at Ihe west. The farmers on the rich land of this section have not yet realized 



