cxiv INTRODUCTION. 



The following table shows the number of working oxen in the middle States in 1860, as compared 

 with 1850: 



IKfiO. 1850. 



New York 121, 703 178,909 



New Jersey 10, 067 12, 070 



Pennsylvania GO, 371 01, 527 



Delaware 9, 530 9, 797 



Maryland 34,524 34,135 



District, of Columbia 69 104 



Total 236, 264 296, 542 



In the middle States also there is a decrease of 60,278 working oxen since 1850. Of this de 

 crease 57,206 is in the State of New York. 



The following table shows the number of working oxen in the western States in 1860, as com 

 pared with 1850: 



I860. 1S50. 



Illinois 90, 380 76, 15G 



Indiana 117, 687 40, 221 



Michigan 61, 686 55, 350 



Missouri 166, 588 1 12, 168 



Ohio 63, 078 65, 381 



Iowa 56, 964 21, 892 



Wisconsin 93, 652 42, 801 



Minnesota 27, 568 655 



Kansas 21,551 



Kentucky 108, 599 62, 274 



Nebraska . . 12, 594 



Total 820, 347 476, 898 



Here we have a decided increase since 1850 an increase of over 70 per cent. There is an 

 increase of working oxen in every western State except Ohio, where there is a decrease of over 2,303, 

 Ohio, in its agriculture, approximates more closely to the middle than to the western States, and the 

 fact that there is a decrease in the older States shows, what we may well suppose to be the case, that 

 oxen are found more useful in a new country than in one where a higher system of agriculture is adopted. 



The following table shows the number of working oxen in the southern States in 1860, as com 

 pared with 1850: 



I860. 1850. 



Alabama 88, 316 66, 961 



Arkansas 78, 707 34, 231 



Florida 7, 361 5, 794 



Georgia 74, 487 73, 286 



Mississippi 105, 603 83, 485 



Louisiana 60, 358 54, 968 



North Carolina 48, 511 37, 309 



South Carolina 22, 629 20, 507 



Tennessee 102, 158 SO, 255 



Texas 172, 492 51, 285 



Virginia 97, 872 89, 513 



Total . 858, 494 603, 594 



There is an increase of working oxen in each one of the southern States. There were in the 

 aggregate 858,494 in the southern States in 1860, against 603,594 in 1850, an increase of over 40 per cent. 



