CXVH1 



INTRODUCTION. 



There were 314,573 milch cows in the Pacific States in 1860, against 29,203 in 1850, being an 

 increase of over 97.5 per cent. The main increase is in California. 



Of &quot;other cattle &quot; there were 1,100,504 in 1860 : against 290,361 in 1850, or an increase of nearly 

 300 per cent. 



The following table shows the number of milch cows and &quot;other cattle &quot; to every 100 persons in 

 the different sections, and in the whole United States and Territories : 



It is somewhat remarkable that the number of milch cows, in proportion to population, should be 

 precisely the same in 1860 as in 1850 in all the States and Territories. By reference to the table 

 (page Ixxxv,) showing the amount of butter and cheese produced, in proportion to population, it will be 

 seen that there were 17.62 pounds of butter and cheese to each inhabitant in 1850, and 17.97 pounds 

 in 1860. 



In the New England States there were 21 cows to each 100 persons in 1860, against 22 in 1850. 



In the middle States there were 24 milch cows to each 100 persons in 1860, against 25 in 1850. 



In the western States there were 27 milch cows to each 100 persons in 1860, and 28 in 1850. 



In the southern States there were 29 milch cows to every 100 persons in 1860, against 30 in 1850. 



In the Pacific States there were 56 milch cows to each 100 persons in I860, against 16 in 1850. 



From the smallest number of cows in 1850, in proportion to population, the Pacific States have 

 risen to the highest in 1860. There are now more than two cows to every family of five persons, and 

 yet, as will be seen by the table showing the amount of butter in proportion to population, there is less 

 than eight and three-quarter pounds of butter, and a little over three pounds of cheese produced to 

 each person. 



Of &quot;other cattle&quot; there were in the New England States 20 head to each 100 persons in 1850, 

 and 19 head in 1860. 



In the middle States there were 23 head in 1850, and 19 head in 1860. 



In the western States there were 43 head in 1850, and 45 head in 1860. 



In the southern States there were 69 head in 1850, and 75 head in 1860 



In the Pacific States there were 106 head in 1850, and 199 in 1860. 



In the whole United States and Territories there were 44 head to every 100 persons in 1850, and 

 47 head in 1860. 



It will be observed that Ihere are far more cattle, in proportion to population, in the Pacific States, 

 than in any other section. The southern States come next. The western States stand third ; the 

 number in which, however, is far less, in proportion to population, than in the southern States. 



In the middle and New England States in 1860, the numbers are precisely the same 19 head in 

 both cases. 



There are more than twice as many cattle, in proportion to population, in the western States than 

 in the middle and New England States; and in the southern States nearly four times as many. 



In the New England and middle States the number of cattle, in proportion to population, has 

 decreased since 1850, and. what is somewhat remarkable, more in the middle States than in the New 



England States. 



* Meaning cattle not enumerated as &quot;milch cows&quot; or &quot;working oxen.&quot; 



