INTRODUCTION. 



CX1X 



Taking the western, New England, and middle States together, the increase in the number of 

 cattle has not kept pace with the increase in the population ; but it is more than probable that from 

 the introduction of improved breeds, which mature earlier and fatten more readily, there has been 

 no falling oiFin the supply of beef, in proportion to population, since 1850. 



The following table shows the amount of butter and cheese obtained from each cow in the dif 

 ferent sections in I860, as compared with 1850, and in the whole United States and Territories: 



Taking the whole United States and Territories together, there were 53 pounds of butter obtained 

 from each cow in 1860, against 49 pounds in 1850; and of cheese, 12 pounds in I860, and 16 pounds 

 in 1850. Of butter and cheese together, there were 65 pounds from each cow in 1860, and precisely 

 the same amount in 1850. 



When we consider that a good cow, properly fed, will produce 500 pounds of butter and cheese in 

 a year, these figures do not appear favorable. 



In the New England States 75 pounds of butter was obtained from each cow in 1860, and 72 in 

 1850; and of cheese, 32 pounds in 1860, against 44 pounds in 1850; showing an increase of three 

 pounds of butter to each cow, and a decrease of twelve pounds of cheese. The total product of butter 

 and cheese being 116 pounds in 1850, aild only 107 pounds in 1860 a falling oft of nine pounds per cow. 



In the middle States there were 87 pounds of butter obtained from each cow in 1860, against 80 

 pounds in 1850. 



Of cheese there were 25 pounds in 1860, and 31 in 1850. 



In the middle States, as in the New England States, there is a falling off in the production of 

 cheese per cow, but not quite as great as the increase in butter. The total amount of butter and cheese 

 being 112 pounds in 1860, against 111 in 1850; being an increase of one pound per cow. 



In the western States there were 58 pounds of butter obtained from each cow in 1860, against 

 49 in 1850; showing an increase of nine pounds per cow. 



Of cheese there were 13 pounds per cow in 1850, and only 10 pounds in 1860; a decrease of three 

 pounds per cow. 



The total product of butter and cheese was 68 pounds per cow in 1860, against 62 pounds in 

 1850; an increase of six pounds per cow. 



In the southern States there were 22 pounds of butter obtained from each cow in 1860, against 

 19 pounds in 1850. 



Of cheese there were 6 ounces per cow in 1850, and only 5 ounces per cow in 1860. 



In the Pacific States there were 15 pounds of butter obtained from each cow in 1860, against 10 

 pounds in 1850, and 5 pounds of cheese in 1860, against 2 in 1850. The total product per cow, of 

 butter and cheese, being 20 pounds in 1860, against 12 in 1850. 



THE CATTLE DISEASE. I lcuro Pneumonia. 



This disease, so fatal in Europe, appeared in this country in 1859. It was brought to Massa 

 chusetts by three cows imported from Holland. The disease soon spread, and many valuable herds 



