1 N T R O I ) U C T ION. 



clix 



The following table shows the exports of flour and grain from the port of San Francisco to foreign 

 countries from the year 1856 to 1861, inclusive: 



TABLE Q. 



Exports of grain and flour from Kan Francisco to foreign countries. 

 (Compiled from official documents.) 



VINEYARDS AND WINE MAKING IN THE UNITED STATES. 



In the first settlements on this continent, the grape-vines found indigenous, were esteemed among 

 the most valuable productions. In &quot;Force s Collection of Historical Tracts&quot; 1620 to 1760 frequent 

 allusion is made by the writers to our native grapes and,to the wine made from them. According to 

 Sir John Hawkins, wine was made in Florida in 1564. A vineyard was established in Virginia in 

 1620, also in 1G47. In 1651 premiums were offered in Virginia for the production of wine. In 1664 

 a vineyard was planted near New York by Paul Richards, and in 1683 and 1685 attempts were made 

 at Philadelphia, but failed. At a later period Mr. Tasker, of Maryland, and Mr. Antil, of New Jersey, 

 were more successful. These, however, were mere experiments. There is no evidence that wine was 

 produced in any quantity worth naming, until the close of the last and the beginning of the present 

 century. About this period vineyards were planted in various parts of the Union, near the cities of 

 New York and Philadelphia; near Lexington and Glasgow, Kentucky; Cincinnati, Ohio; Vevay, 

 Indiana; York and Harmony, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; and in some parts of North and 

 South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia. These plantings were generally in small vineyards of one to 

 five acres, and, unfortunately, most of them with foreign grapes, which, proving to be unsuited to our 

 climate, resulted in failures. Those who planted with native grapes did better. In North and South 

 Carolina the &quot;Scuppernong wine,&quot; from a native grape, soon became famous, and was praised as a home 

 production worthy of American patronage. 



At Vevay, Indiana, Dufour and his Swiss settlers adopted the &quot;Schuylkill Muscadel,&quot; a Pennsyl 

 vania grape, then erroneously called the &quot;Cape.&quot; This grape was found to suit the climate, and made 

 a red wine, that soon acquired a fair reputation, and laid the foundation for wine-growing in the west, 

 with the better varieties that succeeded it. 



The celebrated traveller, Volney, &quot;tasted wine made from native grapes at Gallipolis, Ohio, in 

 1796,&quot; and Dufour, in 1799, &quot;found a Frenchman at Marietta, Ohio, who made a4ew barrels of wine 

 every year from grapes collected in the woods, equal to the wine made near Paris.&quot; Dufour further 

 remarks: &quot;None of the different and numerous trials which were made in several parts of the United 

 States that I visited in 1794, were found worthy the name of vineyards.&quot; &quot;I went to see all the vines 

 growing that I could hear of, even as far as Kaskaskia, on the Mississippi, where I was informed the 

 Jesuits had planted a vineyard shortly after the first settlement of the country, but that the French 

 government had ordered it to be destroyed, for fear that vine culture might spread in America and 

 hurt the wine trade of France.&quot; &quot;I found only the spot where that vineyard had been planted, in a 

 well-selected place on the side of a hill, under a cliff to the northeast of the town. No good grapes 

 were found there or in any gardens of the country.&quot; 



