TRANSATLANTIC TELEPHONY 



175 



about ten times as compared to that received from a non-directive 

 system. 



Assuming we have put the power into proper frequency form and 

 radiated it into space, the next question is how does it fare in traversing 

 the great distances before it reaches the receiving points. We can 

 hardly state this as a technical problem since there is nothing the en- 

 gineer can do to control it. He can find out merely what nature does 

 to such waves and try to arrange his transmitting, and particularly his 

 receiving systems to meet the characteristics of the waves. 



Section of New York-Chicago cable 



9bX of energy inside of 



outer circle, 

 sox of energy inside of 



inner circles. 



\ 



Energy distribution with No. 8 B. W. G. 

 open line circuit carrying A. C. currents 



Fig. 8 — Cross-sections of wire line with energy circles and cross-section of cable 



We could think of no slide to show this space transmission unless 

 possibly a picture of the world rotating in space such as we have seen 

 adorning popular articles on radio. We will suggest the matter, 

 however, by contrast with wire transmission. 



The left-hand part of Fig. 8 shows a cross-section of a pair of copper 

 wires spaced a foot apart on a pole line, which is the standard telephone 

 wire arrangement. On such a circuit 98 per cent of the energy is 

 transmitted inside of the outer dotted circle. The right-hand part of 

 the slide shows two views (one a cross-section) of a typical telephone 

 toll cable of somewhat under three inches diameter. Practically all 



