HIGH-SPEED OCEAN CABLE TELEGRAPHY 231 



years during which the engineers of the Western Union Company 

 and the Bell Laboratories worked together on the development of a 

 multi-channel printing telegraph system which would adapt the 

 operating methods previously developed by the laboratories to the 

 needs of the telegraph company. In October 1926 the present five- 

 channel printing telegraph apparatus was put into use. 



Demands for other high-speed loaded cables quickly followed the 

 successful demonstration of the New York-Horta cable. The Western 

 Union Company arranged for the manufacture of the cables for the 

 New York-Bay Roberts-Penzance route by the Telegraph, Con- 

 struction & Maintenance Company, Ltd. On these cables permalloy 

 supplied by the Western Electric Company was again used. The 

 Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke A-G. arranged with the Western Electric 

 Company for the supply of permalloy loading material and for tech- 

 nical assistance to manufacture the Horta-Emden cable for the 

 Deutsch Atlantische Telegraphengesellschaft. The Pacific Cable 

 Board arranged to have the cables for its Bamfield-Fanning Island- 

 Suva line manufactured by two British companies and obtained 

 licence therefor from the Western Electric Company. The shorter 

 section from Fanning Island to Suva was made by Siemens Brothers 

 & Co., Ltd., with permalloy supplied by the Western Electric Com- 

 pany and applied and treated with the technical direction of their 

 engineers. The long section from Bamfield to Fanning Island was 

 made by the Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Company, Ltd. 

 All of these cables were laid in 1926. 



Permalloy and Its Application to Cables 



Permalloy, which made possible this radical change in the cable 

 art, is the invention of G. W. Elmen of the Bell Telephone 

 Laboratories. Since descriptions and explanations of some of its 

 properties have already been given in papers by various members of 

 the Bell Laboratories' staff,^ the present discussion will be limited 

 to a brief statement of its outstanding characteristics which are of 

 consequence in connection with its use on cables. 



The name "permalloy" has been applied to alloys of iron and 

 nickel of more than about 30 per cent nickel content characterized by 

 extraordinarily high magnetic permeability at very low magnetizing 



1 H. D. Arnold and G. W. Elmen, Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. 195, pp. 621-632, 

 May 1923; B. S. T. J., Vol. II, No. 3, p. 101. 



O. E. Buckley and L. W. McKeehan, Phys. Rev., Vol. 26, pp. 261-273, Aug. 

 1925. 



L. W. McKeehan, Phys. Rev., Vol. 26, pp. 274-279, Aug. 1925. 



L. W. McKeehan and P. P. Cioffi, Phys. Rev., Vol. 28, pp. 146-157, July 1926. 



L. W. McKeehan, Phys. Rev., Vol. 28, pp. 158-166, July 1926. 



