IN'l ItODlCTloN. 



Carpus 



^hila 



THE WING. 



As an aid to identification, the wing characters arc most important. The terms 

 primaries, secondaries, axillars, wing coverts, etc., are constantly used in 

 descrilting- birds, and tlie student should leai-n to recognize them at a glance. 

 The Remiges are the llight 

 feathers of the wing, 

 and the Tectrkes are 

 the small feathers cov- 

 ering the upi)er part of 

 the wing or shoulder 

 (see illustration), and 

 are usually eaUed cov- 

 erts. The Remiges 

 are divided into pri= 

 maries, secondaries, 

 and tertials, accord- 

 ing to the location in 

 the wing. 

 The Primaries are the 

 feathers growing from 

 the outer section of the 



wing ; that is to say, from the outer bend of the wing (carpus) to tip, C to I), the 

 number ranging from D to 10 (and rarely 11) in various families. At first, it is 



not always easy to distinguish the last 

 primary from the first secondary ; but 

 experience is the best teacher, and the 

 point can always be settled by exam- 

 ining" the roots of the feathers. 

 The Secondaries are the remiges at- 

 tached to the ulna or forearm, B to C 

 (see illustration)-, they number from 

 6 to 40 in the various families ; the 

 Humming-bird having the smallest 

 number, and the Albatross more 

 than 40. 



The Tertials are the few remaining remiges which grow from the humerus, A to B. 

 The Tectrices, or Wing Coverts, are small feathers covering the larger wing 

 feathers ; the feathers lining the edge of the under surface of the wing are caUed 

 under wing coverts. The outer wing coverts are divided and described as 

 greater wing coverts, middle wing coverts, and lesser wing coverts, 

 respectively. (See illustration.) 



