chewing the cud get the highest enjoy- 

 ment possible from this sense. The)' 

 enjoy their food at the first grasp of it, 

 and pro\'e it by their persistence in 

 struggling for certain roots and grasses, 

 but their calm delight afterwards as 

 they lie in the shade and bring up 

 from the recesses of their separate 

 stomachs the choice and somewhat 

 seasoned pellets of their morning's 

 gleanings is an indication of their re- 

 fined enjoyment of the pleasures of 

 this sense. 



Sir John Lubbock calls attention to 

 the remarkable instances of certain in- 

 sects in which the foods of the perfect 

 insect and of the larvae are quite differ- 

 ent. The mother has to find and 

 select for her offspring food which she 

 would not herself touch. "Thus while 

 butterflies and moths feed on honey, 

 each species selects some particular 

 food plant for the larvae. Again flies, 

 which also enjoy honey themselves, lay 

 their eggs on putrid meat and other 

 decaying animal substances." 



Forel seems to have found that cer- 

 tain insects smell with their antennae, 

 but do not taste with them. He gave 

 his ants honey mixed with strychnine 

 and morphine. The smell of the honey 

 attracted them and they followed what 

 seemed to be the bidding of their an- 

 tennae, but the instant the honey with 

 its medication touched their lips they 

 abandoned the stuff. 



Will fed wasps with crystals of 

 sugar till they came regularly for it. 

 Then he substituted grains of alum for 

 the sugar. They came and began their 

 feast as usual, but soon their sense of 

 taste told them there was some mis- 

 take and they retired vigorously 

 rubbing their mouth parts to take 

 away the puckering sensation of the 

 alum. 



Cigar smokers who really enjoy the 

 weed confess that they cannot tell ex- 

 cept by sight when the cigar goes out. 

 In the dark they keep right on draw- 



ing air through the cigar, and the 

 pleasure of the smoke seems to be in 

 nowise diminished after the cigar is out 

 unless the smoker discovers he has no 

 light. This seems to show that the 

 sense of taste has little to do with the 

 pleasure of smoking. 



Tongues are used in tasting, seizing- 

 food, assisting the teeth to chew, cov- 

 ering the food with saliva, swallowing, 

 and talking. Man and the monkey, 

 having hands to grasp food, do not 

 use their tongues for this purpose. 

 The giraffe does so much reaching 

 and straining after food in the branches 

 of trees that his tongue has become by 

 long practice a deft instrument for 

 grasping. The woodpecker uses his 

 tongue as a spear, and the anteater 

 runs his long tongue into the nest of a 

 colony of ants, so as to catch large 

 numbers of the little insects on its 

 sticky surface. 



Cats and their kind have a peculiar- 

 it}' in that instead of having cone- 

 shaped papillae their tongues are 

 covered with sharp spines of great 

 strength. These are used in combing 

 the fur and in scraping bones. 



Two characteristic accomplishments 

 of man would not be his if it were not 

 for his versatile tongue: they are spit- 

 ting and whistling. The drawing of 

 milk in nursing is an act of the tongue, 

 and the power of its muscles as well 

 as the complete control of its move- 

 ments is an interesting provision of 

 nature. It is believed by some that 

 the pleasures of the taste sense are 

 confined to such animals as suckle 

 their young. 



Tongues are rough because the 

 papilhe, which in ordinary skin are 

 hidden beneath the surface, come quite 

 through and stand up like the villi of 

 the digestive canal. The red color of 

 the tongue is due to the fact that the 

 papilkt are so thinl\- covered that 

 the blood circulating within shows 

 throueh. 



