Supplement 



Gentian Family {Gentianace^e) 



COM3ION Na.^ie 



Scip:NTrFic 

 Mame 



INSECT 



Visitors 



Method of Prevent- 

 ing OK Limiting Self- 

 fertilization, ETC. 



Rosy Centaury 



Sal)batia 

 augulaiis 



Fringed Gentian 



Gentiana 

 criuita 



Many insects 



Anthers mature before 

 stigma and open out^ 

 ward 



Bees and 

 bumblebees 



Anthers mature before 

 stigma and open out- 

 ward 



Closed or Blind 

 Gentian 



Gentiana | 

 Andrewsii i 



Bumblebees 



Anthers mature before 



stigma and open out- 



I ward 



Dogbane Family (ApocynAceae) 



Spreading 

 Dogbane 



Apocynum 



Androsa:'mif(') 



lium 



Bees, flies, and 

 butterflies 



Tollen concealed in \ 

 j shaped cavity well away 

 from stigma 



Indian Hemp 



Apocynum 

 cannabinum 



Bees, flies, 

 and beetles 



Pollen secreted well awav 

 1 from stigmatic cavity 



Milkweed Family (c/lsdepiadaceae) 



Butterfly-weed 



Common 

 Milkweed 



Asclepias 

 tuberosa 



Butterflies 



Pollen concealed in V 

 shaped cavity well away 

 from stigma 



A sc lepras 

 Cornuti 



Bees, flies, and 

 butterflies 



Pollen concealed in \- 

 { shaped cavity well away 

 I from stigma ' 



Birthwoft Family {Aristotochiaceae) 



Wild Ginger 



Asaruni 

 Canadense 



Flies 



Stigma matures before 

 anthers 



Pokeweed Family (Phytolaccaceae) 



Pokeweed 



Phytolacca 

 decandra 



Bees and flies 



! Anthers generally mature 

 i before stigma 



Buckwheat Family iPolygonaceae) 



Common 

 Persicaria 



Polygonum I Bees and flies 

 PennsyivanicumI 



Lizard's-Tail Family (Saururaceae) 



Lizard's- tail 



Saururus 

 cernuus 



Flies 



Laurel Family (Lauraceae) 



Spicebush 



Lindera 

 Benzoin 



Many insects 



Stigmatic flowers gener- 

 ally separate from stam- 

 in ate ones 



Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) 



Flowering Spurge I 



Euphorbia 

 corollata 



Flies 



iStaminate flowers sepa- 

 I rate from stigmatic ones 



194 



