136 Miscellaneous. 



Leidy observed two examples of Eu(jJ;iplM alveolafa united by 

 their soft parts in the oral region — that is to say, at the orifice of the 

 shell. One of tliese individuals was at first much smaller than the 

 other ; but at the end of an hour it had attained the normal dimen- 

 sions, and currents of protoplasm passed from one individual to the 

 other. This fact alone seemed to indicate that this was a pheno- 

 menon of division rather than of conjugation. But the observation 

 ■was too imperfect to permit any certain conclusions to l)C drawn from 

 it. Dr. Gruber has completely elucidated the mode of reproduction 

 in question, by following step by step all its phases in the same 

 individual. 



In a well-developed specimen of Enrihipha (dveolata we observe 

 in the region where the nucleus is situated some small very refrac- 

 tive bodies, which i)receding observers have regarded as being the 

 little plates destined to form the new carapace after a moult. This 

 interpretation, which is correct so far as the nature of the bodies is 

 concerned, is not so with regard to the part they have to play. 



According to Dr. Gruber's observations a certain quantity of pro- 

 toplasm jjrojectsfrom the carapace through the apei'ture of the latter. 

 At the same time the little plates just mentioned set themselves in 

 motion, and arrange themselves one behind the other along the wall 

 of the carapace. From this a series is soon seen to issue and arrange 

 themselves round the process of protojdasm that has been expelled 

 through the aperture. The quantity of (his protojdasm gradually in- 

 creases ; and at the same time fresh platelets issuing from the parent 

 individual become imbricated upon its surface. In from half an hour 

 to an hour these pieces, about eighty in number, liave taken their 

 places, and the new creature has ac(]uircd the aspect of a fir-cone ; 

 finally, a little later, they present their definitive arrangement, and 

 the EiKjlypha that they protect only differs from that which has 

 given it birth by the absence of a nucleus. 



While the carapace is forming, the maternal nucleus undergoes 

 certain changes. Fine granulations or curved lines make their ap- 

 pearance in it. It soon presents movements, slowly changes its 

 form, and finally becomes elongated in the direction of the major 

 axis of the animal. It then shows a longitudinal striation, which 

 grows more and more distinct ; and at the same time its length 

 comes nearly to equal that of the animal. Then it becomes con- 

 stricted and divides into two halves, one of which remains in the 

 original individual, while the other pa'^ses into the newly-formed 

 one. After passing away from the point of union of the two EugJij- 

 phai, these nuclei lose their striation and are distinguishable only in 

 the form of more transparent spaces. 



In the protoplasm a movement of circulation then commences, 

 and takes place both in the interior of each individual and from one 

 r individual to the other ; this lasts for a])out a quarter of an hour 

 and then ceases. After some changes of little importance a loosening 

 occurs at the point of union of the two Eut/li/pJue ; j^seudopodia malio 

 their appearance there ; and finally the two creatures separate and 

 are e(]ually complete. 



