206 Miscellaneous. 



by the genera Esthonyx, Tillotlieriam, and Calamodon of the Ame- 

 rican Eocene, which are equally unlike each other. Esthomjx, as I 

 long since showed, is related to the existing Erinaccas — very nearly, 

 indeed, if the dentition alone be considered. Its anterior incisor 

 teeth are unusually developed, and have, as in Erinaceus, long roots. 

 One pair, at least, in the lower jaw has enamel on the external 

 face only, and enjoys a considerable period of growth. The genus 

 TiUotherium is (Jide Marsh) quite near to Esthoni/x ; its molars 

 and premolars are identical in character with those of that genus, 

 the only important difference being found in the incisors. Here one 

 pair above and one pair below are faced with enamel in front only, 

 and grow from persistent pulps as in the llodentia. This character 

 has been included by Marsh in those he ascribes to his "• order " of 

 TiUodoutia ; but as he includes Esthoni/x in that order*, whicli does 

 not possess the character, it is not very clear on what the siipposed 

 order reposes. The rodent character of the incisors is the only one 

 I know of which distinguishes Tillothenum from the Insectivora. I 

 have on this account retained the Tillodontia as a suborder, and re- 

 ferred Esilionyx' to the Insectivora. 



The Ta^niodoiitia agree with the Tillodontia in the possession of a 

 pair of inferior incisors of rodent character ; but it adds several re- 

 markable peculiarities. Chief among these is the character of the 

 inferior canines. In the Tillodontia they are either wanting, as in 

 Erinaceus, according to the Cuvierian diagnosis, or they are insig- 

 nificant. In Calamodon they are of large size, and, though not so 

 long-rooted as the second incisors, grow from persistent pulps. They 

 have two enamel faces, the anterior and posterior, the former like 

 the corresponding face of the rodent incisors. The function of the 

 adult crown is that of a grinding tooth. This character distin- 

 guishes Calamodon as a form as different from TiUotherium as the 

 latter is from Esthomjx. There arc, however, other characters. The 

 external incisors, wanting in Tillotheriam. are here largely deve- 

 loped, and, though not growing from persistent pulps, have but one, 

 an external band-like, enamel face. Their function is also that of 

 grinders. The fact that the rodent teeth in the lower jaw are the 

 second incisors, renders it probable that those of the Tillodontia hold 

 the same position in the jaw. This is to be antici2)ated from the 

 arrangement in Estlionyx, where the second inferior incisors are 

 much larger than the first and third. The superior dentition of the 

 Ta^niodontia is unknown. There are two famiUes, the Ectoganidaj 

 with two species, and the Calamodontidie with five species. — Amer. 

 Nat., Jan. 1882. 



On a, small Collection of Lepido]itera, princijJally from Candaltar. 



By AiiiiiUR G. Butler. 

 In 1879 we received from Lieut. -Colonel Charles Swinhoe a col- 

 lection of Lepidoptera from Western India, Beloochistan, and Afgha- 



* Report of U.S. Geol. Survey 40th Parallel, by Clarence Kin?, vol. i. 

 p. 377. 



