360 Mr. H. J. Cartel- on some West-Indian 



require a different nomenclature, I will here briefly state its 

 history. 



Dimly introduced among his " Alcyones " about 1725 by 

 Marsigli, we are chiefly indebted to Donati for the first good 

 description and figure of this sj^onge, in 1750, under the name 

 of Tethya sjyhcerica (Storia nat. marin. Adriatic. Venet. pp. 60- 

 64. n. 1, 2, tab. x.). Lamarck called it Tethya lyncurium 

 (An. s. Vert^bres, 1816, vol. ii. p. 38G). Montagu, in 1818, 

 w^is the first to call it Spongia., and place it among the species 

 of British sponges then known (Wern. Mem. vol. ii. p. 117, 

 pi, xiii. figs. 4 and 5). In 1833 Nardo gave it the name of 

 Donatio lyncinmmi (' Isis,' p. 522, Spongiariorum Classifi- 

 catio) ; and Johnston introduced it into his ' History of 

 British Sponges,' &c., under Lamarck's name (p. 85 &c. pi. i. 

 figs. 9 and 10). Lr 1862 Schmidt, thus following Johnston 

 and Licberkiihn (Spong. Adriat. Meeres, S. 44), and Bower- 

 bank in 1866 (Mon. B. S. vol. ii. p. 92), used the same 

 appellation. 



Now came the time for separating the " Tetliyai " of La- 

 marck ; and thus we find the late Dr. J. E. Gray, in his 

 " Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges " (Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 1867, p. 492), making Tethya ///i?c(«-i»?H of Lamarck the type 

 of the first division of his family Tethyada^ under Nardo's 

 name "i^oJia/m," and Tethya cranium^ Lam., that of the ninth 

 division under the name of Tethya {op. et loc. cit. pp. 541 and 

 543 respectively). 



The necessity for this separation became much more evident 

 to me when I described and illustrated side by side Donaiia 

 lyncurnimj from tliis place, and Tethya arahicay which I 

 found in situ growing on a rock on the south-east coast of 

 Arabia (' Annals,' 1869, vol. iv. p. 1, pis. i. and ii.). So that 

 in 1875, when my "Notes Introductory to the Study and 

 Classification of the Spongida " were published, I found it 

 advisable to place Donatia Jyncurittni in the second family of 

 ray Holorhaphidota under the name of "Bonatina,^^ and Te- 

 thya cranium in the third or following family in the " Pachy- 

 tragida" under the heading of ^^lethyina ;^^ thus it is to be 

 hoped these two incongruous species may never again be 

 brought together. 



In 1872 the late Dr. Bowerbank described and figured a 

 Donatia from S.W. Australia, which he called Tethea Ingalli 

 (Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 119, pi. v. figs. 11-17) ; and the following 

 year two other specimens which came from the same locality 

 were named respectively Tethea robusta and T. Clijtoni {ib. 

 pp. 10 and 16, pis. ii. and iii.) ; while in 1879 Dr. Bela 

 Dezso, of Kolozsvar, aided by Prof, F, E, Schulze's prepara- 



