400 Oeological Society. 



PKOOEEDINGS OF LKAUNED SOCIETIES. 



C;K0L0(! ICAL SOCIETY. 



March 8, 1882.— J. W. llulke, Esc]., F.Il.S., 

 rrcsidciit, ill the Chair. 



Tlio following communication was read: — 



"On tlie Crag Shells of Abordeensliire and the (jravel JJeds con- 

 taining tliem." V>y Thomas E. Jamicsou, Esq., E.O.S, 



The autlior, in 18G0, described beds of sand and gravel on tho 

 coast of Aberdeenshire, containing numerous friigments of Crag 

 shells. His subsequent studios have enabled him to throw much 

 further light on these shells and their mode of occurrence. Tiie 

 deposits containing the shells are almost wholly confined to tho 

 districts of Slains and Cruden, and extend up to heights of 225 

 feet above the present sea-level. They generally consist of coarse 

 gravel with large subangular stones up to 2^ feet in length, inter- 

 mixed with sand and muddy materials ; the whole form ridges, like 

 oskers or moraines, though glacially striated blocks are rare in them. 

 The author describes the coast-section in detail, and shows that the 

 shell-bearing gravels rest on materials that a])pcar to bo formed by 

 glacial action and are covered by the lied Clay which ho regards as 

 having been formed during the period of great submergence. Tho 

 few entire shells are filled with a calcareous matrix; and fragments 

 of tho same material are found scattered in tho gravel and sand. 

 This lends sui)port to the conclusion adopted by tho author, that the 

 sand and gravel have been accumulated by a glacier moving over 

 preexistent Crag deposits. Among tlie shells found, 21 could be 

 specifically determined ; and of these 67 per cent, occur in the 

 Coralline Crag, 05 per cent, in the lied Crag, and 57 per cent, 

 arc living species. Only one species {Tdllna IxiUhlca) occurring in 

 the Aberdeenshire deposits is not found in the I'higlish Crags. 



March 22, 1882.— J. W. llulke, Esq., F.R.S., 

 President, in the Chair. 



The following communications were read :— 



1. " On a Fossil Species of Camptoceras, o, Yvc%\\\\n,i(iv Mollusk, 

 from tho Eocene of Sheeruess." liy Lt.-Colonol II. H. Godwin- 

 Austen, F.Il.S., F.G.S. 



In this paper tho author described a new species of fossil mollusk 

 from the upper part of the London Clay, near Shecrness, where it 

 was discovered by Mr. W. II. Shrubsolo. Ho referred it to the 

 genus Cauiptoceras, Benson, a recent freshwater typo, hitherto known 

 only from throe species found in widely separated localities in India 

 by dift'erent naturahsts. The genus has a sinistrorse shell, with 



