Bibliographical Notices. 133 
- The author truly says that ‘the literature of the subject is very 
large,” and adds that ‘“ with Carpenter’s ‘ Introduction to the Study 
of Foraminifera,’ Brady’s ‘ Report on the Foraminifera collected by 
H.M.S. Challenger,’ and Sherborn’s ‘Index to the Genera and 
Species of Foraminifera’ [published by the Smithsonian Institution, 
1895-96], the student will be able to begin work in an_ intelligent 
manner and to find references to all that has been published on this 
subject up to the most recent date.” T. R. Jonzs. 
A Treatise on Zoology. Fdited by E. Ray Lanxesrer, M.A., F.R.S. 
Part IL. Porifera and Celentera. London: A. & C. Black, 19J0. 
Tun present volume (the second in order of the complete series), 
dealing with the Porifera and Celentera, is in all respects equal to 
that reviewed in these pages a short time since. 
The Editor contributes an Introduction on the coelomic system, 
wherein he contrasts the distinctions between the Proto- and 
Metazoa. This is a most important and valuable contribution. 
How much depends on aright understanding of the ccelom will be 
readily appreciated after a perusal of these pages. ‘ Coelom,” says 
Prof. Lankester, “‘ is not a term to be used for any and every body- 
cavity other than the gut (as some eminent writers seem to 
suppose), but definitely designates a morphological element of high 
importance.” 
For the terms Enteroccela and Coelomata, Prof. Lankester proposes 
to substitute Coelentera and Ceelomoceela. Possible objections to 
this proposition are anticipated and answered, and probably most 
will be induced to adopt his suggestion. 
The remarkable displacement of the cwlom by an irregularly dis- 
tended system of blood-spaces, ‘‘a heemoccel”’ (which, Prof. Lankester 
has elsewhere shown, takes place in the Arthropoda and Mollusca), 
is lucidly described in this Introduction. For the swelling of the 
peripheral portions of the hemal system Prof. Lankester suggests 
the term “phloebedesis.” The lacunar blood-holding spaces resulting 
from it form the ‘“ hemoccel.” 
This introductory chapter is compressed into some 37 pp. and 
may well be described as a kind of literary pemmican. It is the 
most lucid and succinct account that has yet appeared. 
Prof. Minchin deals with the Sponges; and this part may well be 
described, without exaggeration, as a masterly contribution, without 
an equal in any language. It will be invaluable as well to the 
student of other groups as to the specialist in the Porifera alone, 
With regard to the derivation of the Sponges, Prof. Minchin has 
definitely pronounced in favour of a Choanoflagellate ancestry. 
Dr. Fowler deals with the Hydrozoa. These he breaks up into 
two groups, Hydromedusz and Scyphomedusze. The last he regards 
as more nearly allied to the Anthozoa, and suggests the desirability 
of uniting these two under the class name Scyphozoa. The fresh- 
water Meduse and the Graptolithide are treated of as appendices 
