Jliscellaneous. 137 
The teeth are in sockets placed obliquely, with conical crowns 
compressed to sharp lateral margins, and curved inward. The 
proportions of the vertebral column are those of Hchidna, though 
the transverse processes are longer, as in Pareiasaurus. The ribs 
are like those of a Monotreme, though the sacral ribs are longer. 
The shoulder-girdle resembles that of Procolophon, and differs from 
typical Anomodonts in the constituent bones being unanchylosed, 
and in the precoracoid having a large anterior extension in advance 
of the scapula. The sternum appears to have been unossified, as in 
Crocodilia. The humerus is widely expanded at both extremities 
and twisted, but does not show the peculiar lateral curvature seen 
in Monotremes. The ulna gives no evidence of an olecranon- 
process; it is larger than the radius, and appears to articulate with 
the humerus. The pelvic bones are without acetabular or obturator- 
perforations, are not anchylosed together, and the ilium is not 
expanded transversely, The hind-limb is no larger than the fore- 
limb. The femur is more slender than the similar bone in Hehidna. 
The fibula is prolonged proximally beyond the stout tibia, round 
which it may rotate. The proximal row of the tarsus is one large 
bone, formed of the blended astragalus and os calcis. 
In conclusion, the Author argues that the points of structure are 
so few in which Monotreme mammals make a closer approximation 
to the higher mammals than is seen in this fossil and other Anomo- 
dontia, that the Monotreme resemblances to fossil reptiles become 
increased in importance. He believes that a group Theropsida 
might be made to include Monotremata and Anomodontia, the 
principal differences (other than those of the skull) being that 
Monotremes preserve the marsupial bones and the atlas vertebra. 
Ornithorhynchus shows pre-frontal and post-frontal bones, and has 
the malar arch formed as in Anomodonts and some other reptiles. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
The Dates of Esper’s ‘ Schmetterlinge. By C. Davies SHERBORN, 
F.Z.8. &c., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. &e. 
Tur following incomplete notes (pp. 138-140) on the dates of 
E. J. C. Esper’s ‘ Die europaischen Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen ’ 
&ce., collected over several years, may be useful to students until further 
information be forthcoming. We have to thank Mr. L. B. Prout for 
some valuable memoranda, the references “A. V.” (=Allgemeines 
Verzeichniss derer Bucher, &c.: Leipzig, Weidmann) coming from his 
manuscripts. ‘“*G. A.” signifies “ Géttingische gelehrte Anzeigen.” 
The dates in square brackets are doubtful and are those used by 
Mr. Sherborn in his ‘ Index Animalium.’ 
The dates of Esper’s ‘ Die auslindischen (aussereurop.) Schmet- 
terlinge’ have been published by Prof. Aurivillius in K. Vet.-Ak. 
Handl. xix. (5) 1882, p. 182. We think the date of the last three 
parts (14-16, pp. 205-254) will be found to be 1798. The 1801 
titlepage belongs to the so-called second edition, 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. vii. 10 
