238 Prof. W. C. M‘Intosh on the 
tinted with a silvery sheen and a cupreous lustre. Not till 
it is between 3 and 5 inches long does the haddock seek the 
inshore waters. To sum up: the haddock differs from the cod 
in its larval coloration, agrees in its post-larval, and thereafter 
diverges. If the tessellated condition of the cod is protective 
amidst the tangle-forests, what can the function of the 
isolated black spots on the whitish sides of the haddock be in 
its deep-sea retreats and as it passes when from 3 to 5 inches 
long to inshore waters ? 
Mr. Beddard and Dr. Browne Goode think the colours of 
certain fishes (e.g. rock-cod) are directly derived from red 
alew through the coloured crustaceans, and Dr. Giinther and 
Miss Newbigin have similar views in connexion with the 
salmon. Mr. Beddard gives as his reason that if Natural 
Selection had caused a change in colour, it would rather have 
been by an alteration of existing pigment than by the forma- 
tion of fresh pigment red in colour. Other fishes, however, 
which feed largely on red crustaceans show no increase or 
alteration of their pigment, and some which do not feed on 
red forms of any kind may present similar pigment. Brightly 
coloured wrasses, such as the rainbow-wrasse, occur at 
considerable depths where no seaweeds are. ‘The view 
of Prof. Poulton, for which he cites also the support of 
Prof. Herdman, that bright colours in fishes have a com- 
pensation in increased wariness, whilst protectively coloured 
forms are more readily caught, is interesting, but needs further 
corroboration. 
Fishes, moreover, are a group in which it may be supposed, 
and Mr. Darwin has supposed, that Sexual Selection has come 
into play in connexion with beauty of colouring in the males. 
In such fishes as the salmon, lump-sucker, coby, dragonet, 
stickleback, and others the sexes are distinguished by marked 
coloration at the spawning-season, the ‘males being then 
highly tinted. Moreover, the dragonet and Arnoglossus are 
examples of fishes in which the sexes are so different that 
they have each been described as separate species. On the 
other hand, fishes like the cod, haddock, herring, pilchard, 
and mackerel, which roam in vast shoals, are characterized 
by the uniformity of tints in the sexes. Recently experi- 
ments have been made with a view to test the selective 
powers of the female fish in certain cases, as by Saville Kent 
and Holt in the dragonet and by Heincke and Guitel in the 
gobies. On the whole these have given no certain indication 
of Sexual Selection on the part of the female, for she is as 
readily attracted by a male of sober hues as by one in all the 
