THE ANNALS 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
(SEVENTH SERIES.] 
No. 40. APRIL 1901. 
XL.—On the Mutua! Relations of the Arctic and the Antarctic 
Faunas*, A Lecture by Professor Dr. Geora PFEFFER, 
Custos of the Museum in Hamburg. 
In response to repeated invitations, I have undertaken to 
deliver this lecture on the relations of the faunas of the higher 
northern and southern latitudes; and in doing so it is my 
intention to submit to you not detailed observations but 
general reflections. I shall therefore bring the subject before 
you ina setting of general historical geography, but at the 
same time I shall touch upon all the theories which have 
been published, without, however, mentioning by name the 
various authors or giving the text of their conclusions. I 
have to ask you to take my lecture for what it is intended— 
an orienting introduction tor those who have a practical or 
general interest in a study which is at present attracting so 
much attention—the investigation of the highest latitudes 
of our earth. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 
According to temperature, the surface of the ocean may be 
divided into three natural regions: first, the tropical region, 
with a high temperature which varies but little throughout 
* Translated by Margaret R. Thomson from “ Ueber die gegenseitigen 
Beziehungen der arktischen und antarktischen Fauna,” Verh. deutsch. 
z0ol. Ges, ix. (1899) pp. 266-287. 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. vii. 21 
