Anatomy and Affinities ©/Hypsobia nosopliora. 413 



placed with any confidence. If Heude's figure of the nervous 

 system is to be trusted, Ilemibia — vvitli which Hypsohia 

 shows sucli remarkable likeness in its specialized respiratory 

 system — differs from Hypsobia in this respect as well as in 

 tiie siiell. 



It would seem better to regard Hypsohia as the representa- 

 tive of a subfamily distinct from the Paludestrininaj, but 

 approximating to them more closely than to other subfamilies 

 the structure of which is known to us. 



Conclusions. 



(1) Hypsohia is a genus referable to the Puludestrinidye, 



but probably representing a separate subfamily. 



(2) It agrees with lleinibia and Littorina in showing an 



adaptation to an amphibious mode of life in the 

 structure of its gill and pallial cavity, which is in 

 accordance with what is known of its habits. 



(3) It possesses a crystalline style-sac exactly comparable 



to that of Bythinella and Paludestrina, 



(4) The female generative organs are peculiar in two 



respects — the large accessory gland with (sc.) uterin^ 

 termination opening separately from the oviduct, and 

 possibly com[)arable to the brood-poucli of other 

 forms, and the muscular sheath imbedded in the 

 glandular tissue of the latter. 



Works quoted. 



(i) Annandale, N. Records Ind. Mus. xxii. pt. i. p. 1 (1921}. 



(2) . Mem. As. Soc. Bengal, vi. p. 306 (1918). 



(3) Bregenzer, a. Zool. Jalirb. xxxix. Heft 2, p. 2.37 (191G). 



(4) CoET, W. W. Journ. Parasitology, vi. p. 84 (1919). 



(5) Heude, p. M. Memoire . . . histoire naturelle de I'Empire Ckinois, 



Shanghai, 1880 (passim). 



(6) Leipee, R., aud Atkinson, E. British Med. Jomn., Jan. 1915. 



(7) MooEE, J. E. S. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. xlii. (1899) p. 160. 



(8) Pei.seneee, p. Arch, de Biol. xiv. p. 351 (1896). 



(9) PiLSBRY, H. The ' Nautilus,' May 1915, p. 1. 



(10) RoBSON, G. C. Brit. Med. Journ., Jan. 1915. 



(11) . Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9j vol. v. p. 425 (1920), 



(12) ■ . Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. (In the press.) 



(13) Seibold, W. Jahresheft. Ver. Vat. Naturk. Wurttemberg, Ix. 



p. 198 (1904). 



Note. — Miyairi's original paper, with the first reference (without 

 description) to this mollusc, and Iwakawa's paper on the nomenclature 

 and hibernation (Zool. Record, 1918) were not available for reference. 



