Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia. 599 



epargyros has always been regarded as a synonym of 

 acamas, Klug, which it is not, as the original descriptions 

 and figures clearly prove. Acamas always has the base of 

 the forewing as far as the origin of vein 2, and usually the 

 whole (or greater part) of proximal half of hindwing^ grcy ; 

 in epargyros the yellow ground-colour extends right up to 

 the base of the wings. In epargyros any lighter yellow area 

 on the forewing is confined to area 6 ; in acamas these 

 lighter areas are sometimes white, and may extend into the 

 cell and areas 5 and 4. But the readiest mean^ of separating 

 tlie two species is by the shape of the submarginal band 

 of the forewing below. In acamas this is an even band (or 

 comparatively so) with a straight inner edge, or bordered 

 internally by a series of narrow straight lines; in epargyros , 

 as stated very clearly by Eversmaun, it is made up of a 

 series of decided crescents, their convex sides inward. 



Typical acamas can be separated from its better-known 

 Indian form hy par gyros by its brighter colour and its much 

 less heavily marked upperside, and also by the underside 

 markings, which are cloudier than in hypurgyros. It appears 

 to be confined to Syria and Arabia^ and has a softer general 

 appearance than its Indian form. 



Swinhoe's figures of A. acamas in Lep. Ind. pi. 734 are 

 misleading. Figs. 1 and 1 b are from a male of A. epar- 

 gyros of the typical for7n from Persia ; fig. 1 a is from an 

 apparently very dry form of A. acamas hypargyros from 

 Cliaman. Both specimens are in the B.M. 



] 7. Zephyrus quercus longicauda, subsp. n. 



13 (^, 13 ? , 13. 7. 18-7. 8. 18,Paitak, Harir, and Karind 

 Gorge. 



A well-marked local race. It is distinguished from tlie 

 typical European quercus most readily by its generally 

 rather larger size, the brighter and more brilliant colour of 

 the upperside of the male, and the great increase in the 

 length of the tails. These measure 3-4 mm. consistently, as 

 against 1-2 in European specimens. On the underside the 

 general coloration is much lighter grey and the transverse 

 white bands much sti-aighter. The submarginal maikings 

 of the forewing below, with the exception of those in areas 

 1 b and 2, which are large, dark, and prominent, are almost 

 absent. The anal lobe of the hindwing is much larger than 

 in typical quercus, and the black sj)ot which covers it twice 

 the size. 



