1008.] TREES AND SHRUBS. 515 



is ho little esteemed as a food fish that even the dogs will not eat it 

 unless starving, but the liver and roe are considered delicacies. It is 

 taken in nets set for other fish and on hooks set for lake trout. 



Pere Giroux, of Arctic Red River, informed me that the loche 

 appears at that place in numbers about June 15 and passes up the 

 river, and that there is a return movement in November and Decem- 

 ber. The natives of the upper river (at Fort Simpson and elsewhere) 

 catch many in autumn, just before the river freezes over, by means 

 of baited hooks thrown from the shore and allowed to sink to the 

 bottom. Examples upward of 3 feet in length are thus often taken. 

 Some of the Indians believe that no more loche will be taken if the 

 bones of one are eaten by a dog. 



The wide distribution of this fish is attested by many references 

 scattered through the narratives of northern travel, but they need 

 not be particularized. 



Thomas Simpson recorded great numbers coming in with the ris- 

 ing tide a short distance west of the month of the Mackenzie, and 

 also took specimens near the month of the Coppermine. 



TREES AND SHRUBS OF ATHABASKA-MACKENZIE REGION. 



The following list of trees and shrubs contains, with one or two 

 exceptions, only those species which were collected or observed by 

 our parties, and is by no means a complete list of the species of the 

 region. Most of the annotations are from our own notes. The 

 species of Stili.i- and Ribes, except where otherwise credited, have 

 been identified by F. V. Coville; in the case of the other shrubs my 

 own identifications have been verified by his assistants, mainly by 

 "W: F. Wight. G. B. Sudworth has made a few suggestions regard- 

 ing names. Xo attempt has been made to include all species re- 

 ported by other observers, but in the case of some species observed 

 by us notes regarding distribution have been collected from pub- 

 lished sources. In order to avoid frequent repetition these notes are 

 not accompanied by references, but they are mainly from the fol- 

 lowing sources: 



I mask and Simpson. Narrative Discoveries on North Coast of America, by 

 Thomas Simpson. 1st:;. List of plants, by W. J. Hooker, pp. 409-418. 



Tyrrell Brothers. Ann. Kept. Geol. Snrv. Canada, IX, 1897. List of plants, by 

 John Macoun, pp. 205F-218F. 



J. W. Tyrrell. Ann. Kept. Dept. Interior (Canada), for 1001. List of plaids. 

 by John Macoun, pp. 61-62 of separate. 



For fuller reference t<> these publications, see Bibliography, p. 535. 

 "Narrative Discoveries on North Const ot America, pp. ill. 267, 1st.".. 



